Igneous Rocks
This type of rock forms when molten rock cools and hardens underground.
Intrusive igneous rock
Tiny pieces of broken rock and mineral fragments are called this.
Sediment
Rock that has been changed by heat and pressure is called this.
Metamorphic rock
he repeating process that shows how rocks change from one type to another iscalled the _____.
The Rock Cycle
Name the liquid rock below the Earth's surface.
Magma
This process is when sediments settle out of wind, water, or ice and come to rest.
Deposition
Give one example of a force that can cause metamorphism (besides heat).
Pressure (also burial pressure and tectonic plates)
These naturally occurring, solid substances with a definite chemical composition make up rocks.
Minerals
When lava cools quickly on Earth's surface it often forms this kind of igneous rock (fine-grained).
Extrusive igneous rock
What are the three main steps that turn loose sediments into sedimentary rock? (Name all three.)
Deposition, compaction, and cementation
When shale is transformed by heat and pressure it can become this metamorphic rock.
Slate
Match the rock type to its origin: Igneous = ____, Sedimentary = ____, Metamorphic = ____. (One-wordanswers)
Igneous = magma/lava-origin; Sedimentary = formed from sediments; Metamorphic = changed by heat/pressure
This igneous rock forms when magma cools slowly beneath the surface and crystals have time to grow (coarse-grained).
Intrusive igneous rock
This type of sedimentary rock forms from the remains of plants and animals.
Fossil-bearing sedimentary rock
Explain the difference between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks (in one or two sentences).
Foliated rocks have layered or banded appearance from directed pressure; non-foliated do not show layer sand are typically formed by uniform pressure or contact metamorphism.
What role does melting play in the rock cycle? (Short answer)
Melting turns solid rock into magma, which can then cool to form igneous rock.
Explain how the cooling rate of molten rock affects crystal size in igneous rocks.
Slow cooling → larger crystals; fast cooling → small or no visible crystals.
Describe how cementation and compaction work together to form sedimentary rock.
Compaction squeezes sediments together; cementation glues particles with mineral deposits.
Describe a real-world setting where metamorphic rocks are likely to form and why.
Convergent plate boundaries (mountain-building regions) where high pressure and heat transform rocks.
Using three sentences, describe one complete pathway in the rock cycle that turns igneous rock intosedimentary rock and then into metamorphic rock.
Example pathway: Igneous rock weathers into sediments → sediments are deposited and compacted/cemented to form sedimentary rock → buried sedimentary rock is heated and pressured to become metamorphic rock.