Sediments
Chemical sediments formed by evaporation
Evaporates
Imitation stone that looks like gemstone but have different chemical and physical properties.
Simulant gemstone
Geology concerned with origin, composition and structure of rocks
Petrology
Mining that uses a rotating drum that travels down a long track while grinding coal
Longwall mining
The science of extracting metals from the earth.
Metallurgy
Precipitates that settle out of a solution
Chemical sediments
Imitation stones that are identical to natural stones
Synthetic gemstones
Rocks formed from organic materials
Organic sedimentary rock
Type of mining that removes the soil from the top to reach the ore
Surface mining
The removal of ore from the earth.
Extraction
Sand, clay or rock transported by physical means and deposited in a thick layer
Mechanical sediments
Gems that are not as rare, durable or desired.
Semiprecious gems
Metals valued for their durability, beauty and rarity.
Precious metals
Type of mining that requires digging down into the earth in tunnels and shafts
Underground mining
Purified ore is turned into a useful object.
Shaping
Minerals that dissolve in water and recrystallize
Precipitate
The rarest, most durable minerals
Precious stones
A mineral containing a valuable metallic element
Ore
Type of mining that uses a machine with a large, continuously moving rotating drum
Continuous mining
Narrow and vertical underground deposits that resemble veins of extinct volcanoes
Diamond pipes
Rocks formed through chemical sediments
Chemical sedimentary rocks
A beryl with a deep green color
Emerald
Geology concerned with origin, composition and structure of rocks
Petrology
The upper layers of the ground that are stripped away during surface mining,
Overburden
Removing impurities with heat and/or chemical action from ore
Refining