Properties of Minerals
because minerals do not come from living things, thay are considered _______________
inorganic
rounded, hollow rock that is often lined with mineral crystals
geode
rocks are made of ___________
minerals
igneouos rock that formed from lava that erupted on Earth's surface is ______________
extrusive rock
molten rock material that exists below Earth's surface
magma
the way a mineral reflects light
luster
minerals are the source of __________, such as aluminum, copper, and silver
metals
process that occurs on Earth's surface, slowly changing rock from one kind to another
the rock cycle
geologists determine whether an igneous rock is extrusive or intrusive based on its ____________
grains
chemical reactions, _________ and _________ can cause sedimentary rock to change into metamorphic rock
heat and pressure
an irregular break in a rock
fracture
hard, colorful mineral that has a brillant or glassy luster
gemstone
the __________ of a rock describes the size, shape, and pattern of its grains
texture
dissolved minerals fill spaces between rocks and glue them together
cementation
repeating pattern of a mineral's particles forming a solid
crystal
characteristic only used to identify a few minerals
color
rock that contains a metal or an economically useful mineral
ore
Looking at the Rock Cycle diagram, name Stage 3
sedimentary rock
carrying away of rock fragments by water, wind, or ice
erosion
sediment settles out of wind or water
deposition
density
what process causes the crystallization of minerals from magma
cooling
looking at the Rock Cycle diagram, name stage 4
metamorphic rock
metamorphic rock with grains arranged in parallel layers
foliated
mineral breaks easily along flat surfaces
cleaveage
a mineral must be formed by a _________ process
natural
3 steps to produce metal from a mineral
1. Prospecting- locate the mineral
2. mined--dig the mineral up from the ground
3. smelting--apply heat to separate the metal from the other materials in the rock
what has to happen to rock before it can form igneous rock
melting; rock melts and becomes magma
what are the steps (in correct order) to form sedimentary rock?
1. erosion
2. deposition
3. compaction
4. cementation
scale that ranks 10 minerals from softest to hardest, with _________ being the softest and _________ being the hardest.
Moh's hardness scale; talc; diamond