Minerals
Minerals are natural, inorganic, and ______.
Solid
MINERAL: Magnetite has magnetic properties because it does this.
It attracts metals.
These rocks are formed when magma or lava cools down and solidifies.
Igneous Rocks
Rocks and minerals are __________ resources, meaning it takes a long time to form, so they cannot be easily replaced.
Nonrenewable
This opening in Earth's crust allows magma, ash, and volcanic gases to escape onto the surface.
Volcano
BONUS: what rock is formed by this?
This group of minerals is the most abundant and contains silicon and oxygen.
Silicates
This non-silicate mineral is used in soil fertilisers and construction materials.
Gypsum
These rocks are formed from fragments of other rocks or parts of dead living things such as shells or skeletons.
Sedimentary Rocks
This is mining that takes place under the surface of the earth
Underground mining
Caused by a sudden release of energy in Earth's crust along tectonic faults, this phenomenon causes the ground to shake violently.
Earthquake
This group of minerals does not contain silicon and oxygen.
Non-silicates
MINERAL: This silicate mineral is used in electronic products, the production of glass, and in jewelery as a gemstone.
Quartz
Metamorphic rocks are igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been changed after being subjected to great heat, _______ , or both factors.
Pressure
This is mining that takes place above the earth’s surface
This geological process occurs when wind, water, ice, or gravity wears away a rock or landform
.
Erosion
According to the textbook, these four physical properties can be used to identify minerals.
What are colour, lustre, magnetism, and hardness?
ROCK: This porous igneous rock forms on Earth's surface when lava comes into contact with water.
Pumice
This kind of rock is formed by lava touching water
Igneous
Using electrical machinery instead of diesel (gas) machinery an example of ___________ .
Sustainable mining
The process in which sediments, soil, and rocks are dropped off and added to a landform or landmass after being carried by wind, water, or ice.
Deposition
Substances like plastics are not minerals because they are made by these.
Humans
These sedimentary rocks are made up of rounded rock fragments cemented together.
Conglomerates
Slate is an example of a ____________ rock
Metamorphic
Name another way we can make mining sustainable
- Saving soil from an area before mining
- Closing mines to prevent illegal mining after a project
- Stop mining completely
Originating in North Africa, this event occurs when strong winds blow dust and sand particles from the Sahara Desert across nearby regions, creating haze and reducing visibility.
Calima