Early Rome
What river was Rome built along?
The Tiber River
What type of government did Rome establish after overthrowing its king?
A republic
What was the name of Rome's wealthy ruling class?
Patricians
What was Rome's first written code of laws called?
The Twelve Tables
What civilization became Rome's main rival in the Punic Wars?
Carthage
According to legend, what twin brothers were involved in the founding of Rome?
Romulus and Remus
In a republic, how are leaders chosen?
Citizens elect their leaders.
What was the name of the Roman class that included artisans, shopkeepers, and small farmers?
Plebeians
Where were the Twelve Tables displayed?
The Forum
What island did Rome and Carthage fight over during the First Punic War?
Sicily
What two groups greatly influenced early Roman civilization?
The Greeks and Etruscans
What were Rome's two chief government officials called?
Consuls
Why were plebeians frustrated with Rome's government?
They paid taxes and served in the army but had little/no power in government.
What does the rule of law mean?
Laws apply equally to everyone / everyone should be treated the same under the law.
Who was the famous Carthaginian general who attacked Rome during the Second Punic War?
Hannibal
Give one reason Rome's location made the city easier to defend.
It was built on seven steep hills OR it was far enough up the Tiber River to be protected from sea-going pirates.
How long did a consul serve in office?
One year
What officials were elected to represent and protect the interests of plebeians?
Tribunes
What special Roman leader was given complete control during a crisis?
A dictator
What animals famously traveled with Hannibal's army across the Alps?
Elephants
Name two things the Etruscans taught or introduced to the Romans.
Any two: brick building, tiled roofs, drained marshes, city streets, temples/religious rituals, clothing such as togas, or military organization.
Why could one consul veto the other consul's decision?
To prevent one consul from becoming too powerful / provide a check on the other's power.
What major power did the Council of the Plebs gain in 287 B.C.?
The power to pass laws for all Romans.
Why did Romans admire Cincinnatus?
He fulfilled his civic duty by taking power during an emergency, defeating Rome's enemy, and then willingly giving up his power and returning to his farm
What Roman general eventually defeated Hannibal's forces at the Battle of Zama?
Scipio