Fetal blood flow
This is the sepal opening between the atria of the fetal heart.
Foramen Ovale
In infants and children, inadequate cardiac output is most commonly caused by ____ _____ _____, that produce an excessive volume or pressure load on the myocardium
congenital heart defects
The abbreviation, CHD stands for congenital heart defect, as apposed to CHF which stands for _____ ____ ______
Congestive heart failure
TRUE/FALSE
A severe diaper rash may delay a cardiac catheterization procedure on an infant
True
The electrolyte most commonly depleted with diuretic therapy is:
Potassium
The formen ovale, ductus venosis, & ______ _______ allow most blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal lungs and liver
Congenital heart defects are classified by Increased or decreased pulmonary blood, mixed, & ________
Obstructive
Heart failure and a _______ are the most frequent clinical manifestations of an atrial septal defect in an infant or child
murmur
This is a procedure in which a radiopaque catheter is inserted through a peripheral blood vessel into the heart; contrast material injected; films taken of the dilution and circulation of the contrast material; used for diagnosis, treatment of valves/vessels, and electrophysiology studies.
Cardiac Catheterization
This is a medication administered to the newborn with a congenital heart defect to keep the ductus arteriosus open
Prostaglandin
During fetal life, oxygenated blood travels into the left atrium through a structure known as the
foramen ovale
This type of disease includes primarily anatomic abnormalities present at birth that result in abnormal cardiac function, the consequences of which are hypoxemia and heart failure
Congenital heart disease
The nurse notes that an infant becomes cyanotic when distressed. The patient is noted to have a systolic murmur. The nurse suspects the patient was born with ______ __ _____.
Tetralogy of Fallot
This is a study in which a transducer is placed behind the heart to obtain images of posterior heart structures or used in patients with poor images from chest
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
Enalapril & Captopril are the two main _____-_____ _____ _____ most commonly used for children with congestive heart failure
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
When an abnormal connection exists between the heart chambers (e.g., a septal defect), blood will necessarily flow from an area of higher pressure (left side) to one of lower pressure (right side). This is called a ____-__-____ _____
left -to-right shunt
Disease processes or abnormalities that occur after birth and can be seen in the normal heart or in the presence of congenital heart defects; resulting from factors such as infection, autoimmune responses, environmental factors, and familial tendencies.
Acquired cardiac disorders
A mother receives results that her infant will be born with Trisomy 21. The mother is concerned about other conditions associated with trisomy 21. The nurse should explain that congenital heart disease is _______ likely to occur with trisomy 21.
more
This type of diagnostic can indicate ischemia of the heart muscle, injury to the heart muscle, show dysrhythmias, shows conduction delays
Electrocardiogram
Dosage calculation
An infant is receiving Lanoxin elixir 0.028 mg once daily. Lanoxin is available in an elixir concentration of 50 mcg/mL. The correct dose to draw up and administer is:
0.56mL
In fetal circulation only a small amount of blood flows through the nonfunctioning ______ circulation
pulmonary
This is a preventable illness with a MMR vaccine which can cause congenital defects of the eyes, heart, ears, and brain
Rubella
A pregnant individual presents to the clinic with frequent alcohol consumption. The nurse discusses with her that this is a ____ _____ for congenital heart disease
risk factor
This is the increase in red blood cells caused by the body’s reaction to having a congenital heart defect to increase the oxygen supply in the presence of hypoxia.
A child diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF) is receiving maintenance doses of digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). She is rubbing her eyes when she is looking at the lights in the room, and her HR is 70 BPM. The nurse expects which laboratory finding?
Hypokalemia