At its most basic, this unifying concept has been described as "descent with Modification"
What is evolution?
100
This group, which includes the majority of unicellular eukaryote lineages, is sometimes called the "junk drawer" of modern phylogeny.
What are protists?
100
The dominant generation of a seed plant's life cycle (gymnosperm or angiosperm).
What is the sporophyte?
100
Because fungi are unable to make their own food, they secrete enzymes to absorb it, which is a form of this nutritional mode.
What is heterotrophy?
100
Two specialized types of cells/tissues that are only present in animals, and underlie many of their adaptations.
What are muscle and nerve cells/tissues?
200
Founded the binomial classification system for living organisms.
Who was Carolus Linnaeus?
200
Both gram positive and gram negative bacterial cells have this type of cell wall, just in differing amounts.
What is peptidoglycan?
200
This protective layer keeps spores from drying out, and was a key adaptation for plants moving to land.
What is sporopollenin?
200
Fungi share the use of this structural material with their animal neighbors, the arthropods.
What is chitin?
200
Most animal phyla show this type of body symmetry, as well as three germ layers.
What is bilateral?
300
The smallest unit of living things that can evolve.
What is a population?
300
This theory describes how eukaryotic cells originated, by engulfing small prokaryotes.
What is endosymbiosis?
300
The presence of two types of spores, megaspores and microspores in the seed plants.
What is heterospory?
300
What is the name of the eukaryotic supergroup that includes the fungi and the animals?
What are the unikonta?
300
This group of brainy mollusks are predatory, and have a closed circulatory system, unlike their clammy cousins.
What is a cephalopod?
400
Major contribution to biology published by Charles Darwin.
Bonus: in what year was this work published?
What is On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection?
400
These pioneering photosynthesizers count the green and red algal groups as their closest relatives.
Bonus: What is the name of the protist supergroup containing all of these organisms?
What are land plants?
400
Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots, these are one of the traits that separate plants from their algal relatives.
Bonus: Name the other three traits that distinguish plants from algae.
What are apical meristems?
400
These thin multicellular filaments make up the bulk of fungal growth.
Bonus: what are a network of these filaments called?
What are hyphae?
400
Not only are these arthropods the most species rich group of any life form, they usually undergo some kind of metamorphosis in their lifetime.
Bonus: What is this molting process called?
What are insects?
500
The gene pool of a population that is not evolving is said to fit this principle.
Bonus 1. Write out the equation.
Bonus 2. Name the five characteristics of a population not evolving.
What is the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?
500
This group of small,single-celled organisms without organelles don't appear to fit the "biological species concept", because they lack sexual reproduction.
Bonus: What factor is the focus of the biological species concept?
What are prokaryotes?
500
The female reproductive element of an angiosperm flower, it produces megaspores and, therefore female gametophytes. The ovary is in its base.
BONUS: What are the other two parts of this flower organ (besides ovary)?
What is a carpel?
500
The process of haploid nuclei fusing and producing diploid cells.
Bonus: This process is preceded by cytoplasm fusion, which is called?
What is karyogamy?
500
Lancelets, tunicates, and hagfishes represent three groups of chordates that are pre- this major grouping of the animal kingdom.
Bonus: Most of this large group are gnathostomes, which means they have what feature?