Syllabus/Lecture 1
How many points can you earn in this course?How many points in extra credit is offered?
EC: 30
describe the "irritability" property of life and its importance
- immediate sensitivity/response to stimuli
- important for detecting danger so the living thing can respond to survive
what is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
alpha's hydroxyl group on C1 points down, while it points up in beta
what do levels of structure do all proteins have?
primary thru tertiary
what is the function of the coat protein and what step of vesicle transport is it involved in?
creates coat that will support the membrane when it’s bending
Helps capture cargo
Which domains of life are most closely related?
Archaea and eukarya
what were the names of the scientists that performed an experiment to show that organic molecules could be formed under reducing condtions?
Miller and Urey
what classification does a monomer have if it has an internal carbonyl group?
ketose
Draw and label a generic amino acid structure
What are the 3 coat proteins and which are for anterograde/retrograde movement?
Clathrin
COPI (depends on retrograde movement)
COPII (anterograde movement)
What distinguishes eukaryotes from archaea/eubacteria?
eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles
List the properties of life
evolution, cell-based, complexity, homeostasis, energy input, irritability, reproduction, development
describe the structure and nature of phospholipids
Glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate head attached to the hydroxyl groups
phosphate group has polar R-group attached
FA chains are nonpolar (tail) while phosphate/R-group (head) is polar--> amphipathic
what are miRNA's known to be involved in?
silencing transcripts/can be involved in cancer
what machinery is involved with docking of vesicles and their functions?
Rab proteins- attaches to the vesicle
Tethering protein: recognizes and attaches to Rabs on vesicles and brings them in for docking
What 3 statements make up cell theory?
Basic unit of living things
Can have independent existence
Come from pre-existing cells (omnis cellula e cellula)
Describe what evidence could suggest that organic molecules may have been produced from black smokers?
high heat and iron sulfur surrounding the vents could catalyze rxns, turning inorganic molecules into organic building blocks
- nonpolar areas are hydrophobic and want to hide on the internal portion of the protein, away from water
- nonpolar molecules don't have much/if any dipole, making them insoluble in water, which has a large dipole and is polar
what is the difference structurally between motifs and domains of proteins?
- motifs are combination of secondary structures, while domains are parts of compact, globular tertiary structure
-while a domain has independent functionality from the protein, motifs will lose their functionality if separated from the rest of the polypeptide
Where is RER vs SER more often found? Why?
Rough is more in liver and cells with digestive enzymes due to need of secretory processes/enzyme
Smooth is more in testis/ovary, since it produces steroid hormones
What is produced in the nucleolus?
rRNA and ribosomes
explain the tidal pool scenario
When the tide is lowered and the pond is dry, there is a high conc of organic molecules together→ heat of baking (from sun) cause dehydration synthesis of org. Molecules and they start randomly polymerizing
When high tide comes back, water dissolves the polymers to disperse them into the soup of the ocean
cholesterol--> acts as a fluidity buffer; has amphipathic nature that allows insertion into the phospholipid bilayer membrane and restrains the phospholipid movement in high heat
What was the original way to seq. proteins and how it worked?
Sanger sequencing, where AA's are sequentially hydrolyzed to ID each individually
Describe the different pathways through the endomembrane system
Secretor:Newly synthesized proteins go through the system to the plasma membrane
Lysosomal: digestive enzyme proteins go through ER/golgi to lysosomes
Endocytic: proteins from outside the cell that can’t pass through the membrane enter through endocytosis and get sent to the lysosome to be degraded