Vocabulary
Circumvent
A)To fix or correct something. B)To make something less severe. C)To get around a rule or obstacle. D)To make a bad situation worse.
C)To get around a rule or obstacle.
Obfuscate
A)To escape or avoid skillfully. B)To make something confusing on purpose. C)To conquer and control someone. D)To stray from the usual path or plan.
B)To make something confusing on purpose.
The chemical trimethylamine N-oxide not only gives fish their fishy smell but also protects them from crushing hydrostatic pressure in deep waters. Trimethylamine N-oxide strengthens the bonds between water molecules in a fish’s body. ______these water molecules maintain their linked structure at extreme depths, thus preventing pressure-related damage.
A) Nevertheless. B)As a result. C)However. D)For instance,
B)As a result
In 2018, the innovative works of Congolese sculptor and architect Bodys Isek ______were featured in City Dreams, a solo exhibition at New York’s Museum of Modern Art.
A)Kingelez; B)Kingelez, C)Kingelez D)Kingelez:
C)Kingelez
In addition to advocating for South America’s independence in two political treatises, the Cartagena Manifesto and the Letter from Jamaica, Simón Bolívar personally led armies against the Spanish, liberating three South American territories—New Granada (present-day Colombia and Panama), Venezuela, and Quito (present-day ______from colonial rule.
A)Ecuador,) B)Ecuador) C)Ecuador), D)Ecuador)—
D)Ecuador)—
Demarcate
A)To mark the boundaries or limits of something. B)To support or strengthen. C)To combine into a whole. D)To completely destroy or get rid of something.
A)To mark the boundaries or limits of something.
Proliferate
A)To increase rapidly in number. B)To give up and stop resisting. C)To inspire people into sudden action. D)To go beyond normal limits.
A)To increase rapidly in number.
When, in the 1800s, geologists first realized that much of Earth had once been covered by great sheets of ice, some theorized that the phenomenon was cyclical, occurring at regular intervals. Each Ice Age is so destructive, though, that it largely erases the geological evidence of its predecessor. ______geologists were unable to confirm the theory of cyclical Ice Ages until the 1960s.
A)Hence. B)Moreover. C)Nevertheless. D)Next
A)Hence.
Luci Tapahonso is the inaugural poet laureate of the Navajo Nation. Her book Sáanii Dahataal/The Women Are Singing—a combination of fiction and memoir, poetry and ______serves as a testament to her versatility as a writer.
A)prose; B)prose C)prose, D)prose—
D)prose—
Roughly 300 nights a year, when the cold air descending from the Andes Mountains meets the warm air rising from Venezuela’s coastal Lake Maracaibo, the result is a spectacular lightning storm, its strikes so bright, so localized, and so ______that it has become known as “Maracaibo’s Lighthouse.”
A)dependable: B)dependable; C)dependable D)dependable,
C)dependable
Prevarication
A)Changing mood or behavior suddenly and unpredictably. B)Avoiding the truth; being evasive or misleading. C)Complete confidence that something is true. D)Absolutely necessary; can't do without it.
B)Avoiding the truth; being evasive or misleading.
Transient
A)Great skill or ability. B)About to happen very soon. C)Deeply thoughtful, often a bit sad. D)Temporary; passing through quickly.
D)Temporary; passing through quickly.
Okot p’Bitek’s poem Song of Lawino (1966) explores postcolonial Ugandan life through the eyes of a woman living in a rural village. With its vibrant imagery, bitingly satiric tone, and dexterous use of traditional Acholi song and phraseology, the poem inspired a generation of East African writers. ______those who adopted its style are often referred to as Okot School poets.
A)Nevertheless. B)Fittingly. C)By comparison. D)Instead,
B)Fittingly.
A species of Byropsis algae produces toxins to avoid being eaten by predators. However, in some cases, the toxins the organism uses to protect itself from predation actually ______its attractiveness to predators. The Hawaiian sea slug, for example, not only tolerates Byropsis toxins but actually uses them for protection in the same way the algae does.
A)is increasing B)increase C)increases D)has increased
B)increase
Swedish scientists Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann developed a method for measuring the concentration of different proteins in a biological sample. Their ______ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), is used to detect and measure proteins that indicate the presence of certain diseases.
A)method (called B)method—called C)method, called D)method called
C)method, called
Pernicious
A)Feeling sorry and wanting to make up for wrongdoing. B)Something that doesn't fit the normal pattern. C)Harmful in a slow, sneaky way. D)Firmly determined; unwavering.
C)Harmful in a slow, sneaky way.
Cursory
A)Workable; capable of succeeding. B)Quick and not thorough. C)Living a wild, undisciplined lifestyle. D)Not caring; lack of interest or motivation.
B)Quick and not thorough.
The Madison is a type of line dance that involves neat rows of dancers performing a repeated sequence of steps in unison. ______many other dances are also defined by order, repetition, and synchronicity, but the Madison is distinguished by its extreme uniformity; when an auditorium full of dancers performs the Madison, one almost gets the impression of a military march.
A)However. B)Of course. C)Specifically. D)Moreover,
B)Of course.
Using natural debris, such as dried ______such as plastic bags; and more traditional art supplies, such as tree glue, Ghanaian artist Ed Franklin Gavua creates his striking Yiiiiikakaii African masks, which he hopes can help viewers rethink how waste is used in their communities.
A)leaves, man-made trash: B)leaves; man-made trash, C)leaves, man-made trash, D)leaves; man-made trash;
B)leaves; man-made trash,
As the fourteenth US librarian of Congress, Carla Hayden has many responsibilities. These include overseeing the Library of Congress’s collections, which boast more than 162 million ______the US Copyright Office, which registers copyright claims and advises Congress on copyright law; and appointing the US poet laureate.
A)items managing B)items, managing C)items; managing D)items. Managing
C)items; managing
Esoteric
A)Understood by only a small, specialized group. B)Strong and healthy; sturdy. C)Unclear, hidden, or little-known. D)Only on the surface; not deep or genuine.
A)Understood by only a small, specialized group.
Superfluous
A)Loyal and unwavering. B)Absolutely necessary; can't do without it. C)Loud and demanding attention. D)More than needed; unnecessary.
D)More than needed; unnecessary.
In Asiya Wadud’s 2022 poem “Shorn, Treaded Red,” the poet contemplates a painting that has inspired her: Etel Adnan’s 2020 work Satellites 27. The painting, which features overlapping geometric shapes, fuels the poem’s exploration of temporality and identity. ______in responding to Adnan’s artwork, Wadud’s poem reflects on the relationship between poetry and other art forms.
A)In other words. B)For instance. C)What’s more. D)Conversely,
C)What’s more.
Author Madeline L’Engle, ______to create a suspenseful tone that draws the reader in, begins her novel A Wrinkle in Time with descriptions of “wraithlike shadows” and “the frenzied lashing of the wind.”
A)looked B)looks C)is looking D)looking
D)looking
With a blend of traditional design elements, such as arched Gothic ceilings, and modern ones, such as floor-to-ceiling ______design splits the difference between old and new, a mixture that is increasingly seen in home interiors in the US.
A)windows; transitional B)windows—transitional C)windows. Transitional D)windows, transitional
D)windows, transitional