Normal Ventilation
The normal tidal volume listed in this chapter is approximately this amount.
500 mL
This term means the patient’s subjective sensation of breathlessness, shortness of breath, or difficult breathing.
Dyspnea
Lung compliance describes how easily the lungs accept this.
Volume of inspired air
Peripheral chemoreceptors are also called these two groups of bodies.
Carotid and Aortic bodies
The normal ventilatory rate is approximately this rate, with a range of 12–18 breaths/min.
15 breaths/min
Dyspnea that occurs when the patient is reclining is known as this.
The formula for lung compliance is this.
ΔV ÷ ΔP
According to the chapter, hypoxemia is defined as a PaO₂ at or below this value or SaO₂ at or below this percentage.
PaO2 ≤60 mm Hg or SaO₂ ≤88%
The normal inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio is approximately this.
1:2
Dyspnea caused by physical exercise or activity is called this.
Exertional dyspnea
A patient has a volume change of 0.4 L and a pressure change of 4 cm H₂O. What is the lung compliance?
0.1 L/cm H2O
Signals from the carotid bodies travel to the medulla through this cranial nerve.
Glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX
Name the two zones of the lower airways.
conducting zone and respiratory zone
Respiratory distress occurring while reclining during sleep and commonly associated with CHF and pulmonary edema is known as this.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Increased lung compliance is associated with this disease in the chapter.
Emphysema
Signals from aortic bodies travel through this cranial nerve.
vagus nerve, CN X
This condition is an abnormal mismatch between airway caliber and lung parenchymal capacity and can increase airway resistance.
Dysnapsis
Name at least five objective signs of dyspnea.
Audibly labored breathing, hyperventilation, tachypnea, intercostal retractions, accessory muscle use, distressed facial expression, nasal flaring, paradoxical chest/abdominal movement, or gasping
When lung compliance decreases, what generally happens to respiratory rate and tidal volume?
Respiratory rate increases while tidal volume decreases. Examples include pulmonary fibrosis and atelectasis.
These two respiratory groups located in the medulla help coordinate respiration and are stimulated by increased H⁺ in the CSF.
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and ventral respiratory group (VRG)