Sociological Concepts
The belief that the law reflects the interest of most people in society.
Consensus
Theories use sets of these explain why crime and criminalization take place.
Propositions
They believed that elites in society control the means of production and social institutions.
Karl Marx
RTC assumes that people rationally calculate the cost versus the _______ of criminal behavior before they engage in the behavior.
Benefits
During this era the church and the state (mostly Monarchies) enforced harsh and arbitrary punishments to support class based system.
pre-classical era
The belief that the law reflects the interest of wealthy elites in society.
Conflict
The effectiveness of theories is tested by doing what?
Conducting empirical research
They believed that the law reflects the consensus in a society.
Emile Durkheim
Punishments should be swift, proportionate to the harm caused by the crime, and ________?
certain
He wrote the book 'on Crimes and Punishment'
Beccaria
A general framework including some basic assumptions that theories are based on.
Paradigm
Testing theories help the CJ system develop what?
Effective practices and policies
They helped create the notion of individual equality and sovereignty.
Cesare Baccaria
The assumption that all people are equally endowed with rationality is a ______ of RTC.
Limitation
The notion that citizens give up some individual rights in order for there to be safety and predictability in the community is called what?
the Social Contract
The basic beliefs or values through which people filter their information.
Ideology
Theories based on this sociological perspective focus on how the institutions in society function as a complex interrelated system that socializes individuals and creates consensus.
Structural Funcionalism
They introduced the utility principle (the idea the greatest good should be sought for the greatest number of people).
Jeremy Bentham
Theis theory suggests that the presence of a motivated offender and a suitable target in the absence of capable guardians will lead to crime.
Routine Activities Theory
What is a crime prevention policy derived from Rational Choice Theory?
Increase punishements
The variation across time and place about what behaviors constitute a crime.
Relativity of Crime
Theories based on this sociological perspective focus on how individuals and groups create meaning.
Symbolic Interactionism
They believed that the death penalty should be abolished.
Bentham and Beccaria
The notion that offenders vary in their motivations, skills and abilities to analyze a situation is called
Bounded Rationality
What is a crime prevention policy related to Routine Activities Theory
Harden Targets