149–590
Identify the muscular structure that functions in direct opposition to the agonist during a specific joint movement. (Page 149)
antagonist
Who developed the modern muscle energy technique (MET)? (Page 590)
Fred Mitchell Sr, DO
Results are improved if trigger points are ________ MET is applied. (Page 591)
deactivated before
activated before
deactivated after
activated after
deactivated before
During the application of agonist-contract MET, what specific percentage of maximal effort should the client be instructed to provide? (Page 592)
20%
What is the neuromuscular process known as splinting? (Page 595)
the process of muscles protecting an injured area
Which of the following bodywork systems do NOT incorporate Position Release? Ortho-Bionomy, Trager Method, Structural/Muscular Balancing, or Strain-Counterstrain (Page 598)
Trager Method
________ fibers are the most abundant fibers in most connective tissue. (Page 607)
Collagen
What is the medium for transport of nutrients, cellular wastes, hormones, and gases between the bloodstream and the cells? (Page 609)
Ground substance
Define the property of a substance to soften as a result of warmth and manipulation and to harden in their absence. (Page 613)
Thixotropy
By what other clinical name is transverse friction commonly identified in manual therapy? (Page 619)
Cross-fiber friction (or transverse friction)
The ________ is the muscle that assists the agonist. (Page 149)
synergist
Name the innovator who introduced the rapid rhythmic resistive duction technique into the therapeutic repertoire. (Page 590)
Dr. TJ Ruddy
Depending on the intended outcome of the MET, the force applied by the therapist can ________. (Page 591)
be equal to that of the client
be less than that of the client
overcome that of the client
all of the above
all of the above
How should a therapist proceed if a muscle energy technique is causing the client pain? (Page 592)
stop the MET
Identify the specialized MET manipulation intended to remediate fibrosis by utilizing a counter-pressure that overpowers the client's contraction. (Page 596)
Isolytic
________ is a healing system based on the body’s self-correcting reflexes. (Page 599)
Ortho-Bionomy
Myofascial techniques are intended to ________ fascia and release fascial adhesions. (Page 607)
Stretch
Every muscle cell is surrounded by ________ and arranged in parallel with other muscle cells into bundles or fascicles. (Page 610)
Endomysium
Collagen fibers in connective tissue generate ________ that is conducted through the connective tissue. (Page 613)
Piezoelectricity
Which technique reduces fascial adhesions while promoting the formation of pliable scar tissue at injury sites? (Page 619)
Cross-fiber friction
Define the clinical term used for the prime mover muscle responsible for a specific action. (Page 149)
agonist
Which MET incorporates the postisometric relaxation theory? (Page 591)
antagonist contract
contract- relax- contract the opposite
resist during concentric and eccentric contractions
contract- relax OR agonist contract
contract- relax OR agonist contract
What term describes muscles characterized by persistent shortening and the presence of palpable taut bands? (Page 591)
Hypertonic
Which MET takes advantage of a physiological process known as reciprocal inhibition? (Page 592)
antagonist contract
The ________ technique was developed by Dr. Lawrence Jones, who happened upon this technique by accident. (Page 598)
Strain-Counterstrain
________ integrates techniques from several bodywork systems, including those of Drs Lawrence Jones and Arthur Pauls. (Page 599)
structural/ muscular balancing
Which specialized connective tissue cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of histamine and heparin? (Page 608)
Mast cells
The mechanical stimulation of which specific receptors is known to inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity? (Page 610)
Ruffini Type II
Skin rolling is an example of what type of myofascial technique? (Page 614)
Direct
Define the longitudinal stretching technique used to release fascial restrictions throughout an entire limb. (Page 621)
Traction
Finding the release position for a joint involves ________. (Page 589)
passively moving the joint in the same direction as contraction
Identify the neurological principle stating that a muscle achieves a state of diminished tension immediately following a voluntary isometric contraction. (Page 591)
postisometric relaxation
Which of the following is not one of the main variations of muscle energy techniques effective in lengthening tense and shorted muscles? (Page 591)
agonist contract
relax- contract
contract- relax- contract the opposite
antagonist contract
relax- contract
In the clinical application of the antagonist contract technique, what is the recommended duration for each individual contraction? (Page 593)
7-10 seconds
What are Position Release Techniques also known as? (Page 598)
passive positioning techniques
In Position Release, positioning is done ________, to avoid any increase in pain. (Page 601)
slowly
________ synthesize components of connective tissue including collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, and ground substance. (Page 608)
Fibroblasts
Restricted fascia is indicated in all of the following except: (Page 611) elevated ilium, tilted pelvis, rotated shoulder, or extended phalanges
Extended phalanges
J-Strokes are an example of what type of myofascial technique? (Page 617)
Direct
The areas where fascia transverses the body cavities include all of the following except: latissimus dorsi, pelvic floor, respiratory diaphragm, or thoracic inlet. (Page 623)
Latissimus dorsi
Which clinical researcher is credited with the foundational development of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)? (Page 590)
Dr. Herman Kabat
What is the most common MET procedure used to relax constricted and hypertonic muscles? (Page 591)
contract- relax OR agonist- contract
Define the neurological mechanism that occurs when the contraction of one muscle induces the relaxation of its functional opposite. (Page 591)
reciprocal inhibition
Does PMET decreases circulation?
no (Page 595)
Position Release is a(n) ________ method of treatment, meaning the body part is moved away from the resistance barrier and toward a position of ease and comfort. (Page 598)
indirect
According to the clinical standards of Jones and Chaitow, what is the recommended duration for holding a position once ease is achieved? (Page 601)
60- 90 sec
Fascia is hydrated better with the ability to be elastic and more easily stretched and lengthened during which state? (Page 609)
Sol state
________ is also known as tissue excursion. (Page 612)
Fascial glide
The ________ is a stroke that can be used to elongate contracted muscles or to stretch, separate, and align constricted fascia. (Page 617)
J-Stroke
Myofascial interventions targeting the respiratory diaphragm are primarily focused on which vertebrae (Page 624)
T11- L1