Enzyme Essentials
Inside living cells
What is the substance called which an enzyme acts upon?
Substrate
What word is used to describe how an enzymes only work on one substrate?
Specificity
What is an industrial use of enzymes?
Detergent, cheese making
What are microorganisms?
Very small living things
True or False: Enzymes are used up during a reaction?
False
What name is given to the molecule produced during an enzyme reaction?
Product
What term is used to describe the pH or temperature that an enzyme is working at its fastest
optimum
What enzyme mix is used to start the cheese making process?
Rennet
What are the 3 types of microorganism?
bacteria, fungi, viruses
What are enzymes made of?
Protein
What part of the enzyme does the substrate attach to?
Active site
What 2 factors can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH
What is an advantage of using enzymes in detergent?
eco friendly, saves money, can use lower temp
What is an example of a microorganism being used for a beneficial application?
yeast for bread/alcohol
bacteria for yoghurt/cheese
What do enzymes increase during a chemical reaction?
Speed of a chemical reaction
Enzymes can split a large molecule into smaller molecules. What is this type of reaction?
Breakdown reaction
What happens to enzymes if temperatures get too high?
What is a disadvantage of using enzymes in detergent?
skin irritation, denatures at high temp, degrades certain types of clothes
What species is a unicellular fungi?
yeast
Give two properties of enzymes
speed up chemical reactions, are not used up during a reaction, are specific, allow reactions to occur at lower temperatures
Enzymes can join small molecules together to make a larger molecule. What is this type of reaction called?
Build up reaction
Why can a denatured enzymes no longer act on its substrate?
Active site changes shape so substrate no longer fits
What is an enzyme used in biodetergents?
amylases, cellulases, proteases, lipases
What are the two molecules do yeast produce during fermentation?
carbon dioxide and alcohol (ethanol)