Cardiology
Normal RRR for most healthy dogs and cats?
10 to 20 bpm
What is the type of anemia characterized by an increased reticulocyte count?
Regenerative anemia
Medical term for an increase in nitrogenous waste products such as creatinine, and medical term for clinical signs caused by them
Azotemia and uremia
The most common form of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
What vitamin is absorbed primarily in the ileum and is commonly monitored in dogs with CIE?
Cobalamin
You perform X-rays on a dog with respiratory distress and notice a miliary pattern. What are some differentials?
Infectious (Fungal), Parasitic (Dirofilariasis), Neoplastic
A dog has a PCV of 18%, spherocytes and positive SAT. What is your highest differential?
IMHA
Three major branches of anemia and examples
Prerenal, renal and post renal
A dog has hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, what is a differential siagnosis?
Addisons
A dog with severe liver disease develops neurological signs. What syndrome should you suspect and what toxin is thought to contribute?
Hepatic encephalopathy and ammonia
A dog has a focal alveolar pattern in the right cranial and right middle lung lobes. Highest differential based on distribution?
Aspiration pneumonia
A dog has thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT and aPTT, and increased D-dimers. What systemic disorder should you suspect?
DIC
A dog with PLN is started on an ACE inhibitor. What is the reason behind the use of this medication?
Reduce proteinuria by reducing intraglomerular pressure
An older cat presents for weight loss while eating well. BW shows increased ALT. What is a differential?
Hyperthyroidism
50 extra points if you describe the 4 types of treatment
Two branches of GI disease and examples
Intra vs extra / primary vs secondary
Respiratory, Cardiac and GI
A dog has prolonged PT but normal aPTT. Which coagulation pathway is primarly affected?
Extrinsic pathway, particularly factor VII
A dog produces 350 mL of urine in 6 hours. He weighs 25.2 kg. What is the urine production in mL/kg/h?
2.3 m/kg/h
(250/6/25.2)
Your patient has low protein. Name the major mechanisms.
Decreased production (Liver), Loss (PLN, PLE, Blood)
A dog has markedly increased bile acids, hyperbilirubinemia and echogenic, immobile material with stellate appearance. What is your main differential?
GB Mucocele
Difference between hypoxemia and hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Decreased O2 concentration in arterial blood
Hypoxia - Inadequate oxygen delivery at tissue level
Loss, Hemolysis and Lack of production
Urease-producing bacteria to support struvite stones.
50 extra points - how do we dissolve them?
Your patient presents with lethargy and GI upset. BW shows thrombocytopenia, AKI, and hyperbilirubinemia. Indoor/outdoor.
What is a major differential? Hint. Not UTD in VX
Leptospirosis
50 extra points: Ways to diagnose and treat
Describe VITAMIN D in liver disease with examples
V - Vascular
I - Infectious/Inflammatory
T - Toxic/Drugs
A - Anomalous
M - Metabolic
I - Idiopathic
N - Neoplasia
D - Degenerative