Body Fluids
75% is the total body fluid in this age group (they dehydrate fast)
What is Infant
Cations have positive charges - one below does not:
(cation = action)
sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Calcium (Ca)
Chloride is negative
Na+ K+, Ca+, Mg+ & H+ are all positive
_______________ is the liquid (water)
What is solvent
0.9% NS, LR, D5W are ___________
3% NS, D5 0.45% NS, D5 0.9%, NS, D5, LR are _____
0.33% NS, 0.45% NS are ________
Hypertonic, Hypotonic or Isotonic
What is Isotonic, Hypertonic and Hypotonic
Isotonic = same concentration, no net shift, cell stays normal
Hypertonic = more concentrated, water pulled out, cell shrinks, fluid pulled to ECF
Hypotonic = less concentrated, water moves into cell, it swells
This raises arterial blood pressure
Obese and older adults are made up of 45% water, Adult women are 50% water, men are made up of ___% water
What is 60%
Anions have a negative charge - like anion onions, onions are negative...YUK
One of these is not negative - chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, phosphate
What is magnesium
Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Phosphate (PO4 3-), Chloride Cl- are all negative charged
_____ what dissolves in it
What is Solutes
________ Pressure "PUSH"
What is Hydrostatic Pressure "PUSH"
Heart squeezing, heart rate, blood flow - oxygen and nutrients go out to cells
(blood is pushed out of the capillaries into cells)
Kidneys reabsorb Na+ and water and gets rid of K+
Aldosterone release which causes sodium to be reabsorbed = more water to be retained and causes potassium to be excreted.
Aldosterone is a hormone made by adrenals - its role is to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance
What term means inside the cells (the biggest share of body water is inside cells)
What is intracellular (ICF)
Nonelectrolytes do not have any charge...
carbon dioxide, ____________ and glucose are nonelectrolytes
What is oxygen
This means the same concentration - cell stay normal
_______________ pressure "PULL"
What is oncotic pressure;
plasma proteins, mainly albumin stay in the vessel - venous end; fluid and waste come back in...
Kidneys reabsorb more water
What is ADH Release
ADH increases water reabsorption directly in the kidneys
Interstitial - between the cells 25%
Intravascular - blood plasma 8%
Transcellular - CSF, synovial, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, eye and digestive fluids
Intraperitoneal - intestinal, pancreatic and liver
What is intraperitoneal
Osmolality/osmolarity = how crowded the particles are:
Osmolality - per kg of _________
Osmolarity - per kg of solution
What is water ( you are lite when you float in water)
You are rite-on when you float in solution
This means it is more concentrated
What is hypertonic - water pulled out, cell shrinks - fluid is pulled into ECF
Solutes (electrolytes) travel through 4 methods:
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active transport and _______________
What is Filtration
Diffusion - high to low (passive) ex: O2, CO2
facilitated diffusion high to low, needs a carrier ex: insulin carries glucose into cells
active transport (low to high - uphill) ex. sodium potassium pump
Filtration - pressure pushes water, solutes in water ride along ex capillaries, kidneys
This causes you to drink more
What is thirst
Electrolytes are particles with an electric charge measured in milliequivalents (mEq) True or False
What is True
What are colloids
This means less concentrated
What is hypotonic - water moves in, cell swells
What is 2500ml
When blood volume is low, blood pressure is increased or decreased
What is decreased