Heredity and Reproduction 1
Which organism discussed in class can reproduce sexually in the fall but asexually at any time?
Aphids
Which organism can reproduce asexually through budding?
Hydra
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant is able to express itself whether or not recessive is present. Recessive is expressed in the absence of dominant.
What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance?
Codominance - Both traits appear in their full form when expressed
Incomplete dominance - When both traits are present, a mix/average of the two traits is expressed
Which of the following is thymine?
Blue
Which stage of meiosis does the microscope image show?
Metaphase II
Which stage of meiosis does the microscope image show?
Anaphase II
What does the law of segregation in mendelian genetics state?
Organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent. Organisms donate only one copy of their gene.
What does the law of independent assortment from mendelian genetics state?
If genes are present on separate chromosomes, they will be inherited independently of one another
What is the width of DNA in Angstroms?
20 Angstroms
What stage(s) of meiosis contributes to the randomness of the trait inheritance? Name the process(es) that happen.
Prophase I (crossing over) and Metaphase I (random assortment).
What are the 3 chemical components that makeup a nucleotide in DNA?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar (or pentose sugar), a nitrogenous base
Use the pedigree to determine the genotype of individual 2 in generation 2
XDXd
What type of point mutation would arise from exposure nuclear radiation?
Deletion
What is the complementary sequence of the following:
AATCGAGC
TTAGCTCG
What is an ethical issue with using reproductive technologies to bring back a near extinct species?
Species is endangered for a reason e.g. lack of genetic diversity or being hunted
Explain why sickle cell anemia can be both beneficial and harmful?
Beneficial: protects against malaria since cell dies with protist inside of it
Harmful: red blood cell is sickle shaped and cannot properly transport oxygen across the body
Answer the following X-linked Punnett Square problem.
50% or 1/2
Explain what is the between dependent and independent genes?
Dependent genes influence each other thus affecting the probability values you would calculate from punnett squares?
What is the ratio between the length of one DNA turn and its width?
1.7
Extra chromosome for chromosome 21. Female since there are two X chromosomes.
What is the reproductive technology that involves lab work? What are the two techniques used in this process? What are their purposes?
IVF - Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and laser-assisted hatching (LAH) - ICSI is for inserting a single sperm into egg and LAH softens the hardened zona pellucida
An individual has blood type A. The parents of this individual had blood type O and blood type AB. What is the individual's blood type genotype? What was the probability of the individual having blood type A? Can the individual donate blood to the parents. Explain your answer.
IAi
probability is 50% or 1/2
Cannot donate blood to O parent since A sugar would be attacked by immune system (O parent is universal donor). Can donate to AB parent since A sugar would not be attacked by immune system (AB is universal recipient)
Answer the following X-linked Punnett Square problem.
25% or 1/4
Consider the following DNA sequence:
TTGAATCGAGCGCACGT
After a while, the sequence changed into:
TGAATCGAGGCGGACGT
Insertion of G after the 10th base
Substitution of 13th base (C to G)
Deletion of second base (T)