Mood Stabilizers
True or False: A pregnant woman can continue her lithium prescription
False, may cause harm to fetus
Name 1 first generation antipsychotic (typical) and 1 second generation antipsychotic (atypical)
FIRST GEN: haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine, thioridazine
SECOND GEN: aripiprazole, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, lurasidone
Length of time depressive sx last to meet criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
2 weeks
Onset of schizophrenia symptoms in males vs female
Male: Early-mid 20s
Female: late 20s
Definition of assault
aggressive behavior that violates another person or a person’s property
Lithium Therapeutic Levels
0.6-1.2 mEq/L
What receptors do 1st generation antipsychotics work on? What receptors do 2nd generation antipsychotics work on?
1st GEN: Dopamine
2nd GEN: Dopamine and Serotonin
Time period Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) occurs
October to April
Risk factors for childhood schizophrenia
Genetic influences
Complications during pregnancy or birth
Biochemical imbalances
Environmental factors
Theorists who developed theories on aggressive behaviors
Charles Darwin and Sigmund Freud
MOOD STABILIZER ASSOCIATED WITH STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME (SJS)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
List symptoms of EPS
Acute dystonia: sudden contraction of one or several muscle groups (head/neck)
Akathisia: motor restlessness (pacing, inability to stay still)
Pseudoparkinsonism: arms swinging when walking, reduced facial expressiveness,
gait impairment
Symptoms of Post-Partum Depression
tearfulness; irritability, Hypochondria, Sleeplessness, Impaired concentration,
Headache
4 stages of schizophrenia
1. Prodromal Phase
Early warning signs such as social withdrawal, poor hygiene, decreased motivation, and changes in behavior.
2. Prepsychotic Phase
Symptoms worsen, with increased suspiciousness, unusual thoughts, and changes in perception, but without clear, sustained psychosis.
3. Acute Phase
Active psychosis with prominent hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech or behavior.
4. Remission
Psychotic symptoms significantly decrease or resolve, and functioning may improve. Some negative symptoms may remain.
List three disorders related to aggressive behaviors
Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder
RISK OF INJURY TO WHICH ORGAN CAN OCCUR IN A PATIENT TAKING VALPROIC ACID
liver
Antipsychotic requiring lab monitoring of absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
Clozapine
Symptoms of Mania
Emotions that are elevated, expansive, and irritable accompanied by loss of identity, increased activity, and grandiose thoughts and actions, Decreased sleep, excessive/rapid speech, excessively cheerful, distractibility, excessive, involvement in risk-taking or pleasure-seeking activities
Subtypes of Schizophrenia
Catatonic: Problems with movement and responsiveness.
Disorganized: Problems with organized thinking, speech, and behavior.
Paranoid: Prominent suspiciousness, persecutory delusions, or hallucinations.
Residual: Positive symptoms have decreased, but negative symptoms remain.
Undifferentiated: A mixture of symptoms without one dominant subtype.
Examples of impulsive control disorders
Intermittent explosive disorder
Kleptomania
Pathologic gambling
Pyromania
Trichotillomania
Labs to monitor for a patient taking lithium
Electrolytes (especially sodium), thyroid, renal function
List the symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Reduced consciousness and responsiveness, increased muscle tone (lead pipe rigidity), and autonomic dysfunction.
Differences between BP I and BP II
BP 1: Episodes of depression alternate with episodes of mania; More severe and incapacitating form of bipolar illness, delusions common during periods of mania, hallucinations may occur
BP II: Major episodes of depression alternate with periods of hypomania Often marked by 1 to 2 weeks of severe lethargy, withdrawal, and melancholy followed by several days of hypomania (no psychosis or need for hospitalization)
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive = ADDED
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech
Disorganized behavior
Negative = The 5 A's
Affective flattening (diminished emotional expression)
Alogia
Avolition (Lack of motivation or ability to initiate and complete everyday activities.)
Anhedonia
Asociality
5 stages of assault cycle
Trigger
Escalation
Crisis
Recovery
Depression