Heat Transfer
This type of heat transfer produces ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream.
Convection
This equation is used to calculate energy changes when temperature changes without a phase change.
Q=mcΔT
All energy in Earth's energy system ultimately begins with this source
Solar energy
Climate is defined as these conditions in a geographic area
Long-term average weather conditions
Warm ocean currents generally originate in this region of Earth
At the Equator
The movement of ocean currents from hot to cold areas and prevailing westerly winds are examples of this thermal energy transfer process.
Convection
This equation is used during vaporization on a heating curve.
Q=nHvap
The average amount of insolation at the poles is less than at the equator because of this factor.
Angle of incidence of incoming solar radiation
Weather describes the environment of a specific place during this time frame
A few days
This effect causes moving objects to be deflected from a straight path due to Earth's rotation
The Coriolis Effect
Thermal energy transfer in the atmosphere occurs mainly through this process.
Re-emission of infrared radiation
Water can exist in these three phases within the hydrosphere.
Liquid, solid, and gas
This surface has the highest albedo among snow, grassy meadows, water, and concrete.
Snow
Greenhouse gases warm Earth because they do this to radiation.
Absorb radiation
If you lived at the South Pole, you would experience 24 hours of daylight during this month
December
Two equal masses of different substances receive the same amount of thermal energy. One substance's temperature increases much more than the other's. What property explains this difference?
specific heat capacity?
Starting at −5°C and ending at 110°C, water undergoes warming, melting, warming, boiling, and then this final process
Vaporization
If Earth's average albedo increased from 30% to 50%, Earth would experience this overall temperature change
Earth would cool as more light is reflected
H20 Water vapor
Which of these is NOT part of Earth's lithosphere: Hawaiian volcanoes, Rocky Mountains, Antarctic ice sheets, or Sahara Desert?
Antarctic ice sheets
Clouds influence incoming solar energy because they perform these two actions.
Absorb and reflect solar radiation
Which equation should be used to calculate the energy required to melt ice without changing its temperature?
Q = nHfus?
At the equator there is a net radiation budget _______, while at the poles there is a net radiation budget _______.
Surplus; deficit
CO2, CFC's, N2O, CH4
As solar radiation heats the equator, air tends to move in this direction
From the equator toward the poles