Matter
The three primary states of matter on Earth; they are determined by the arrangement and motion of the matter's atoms or molecules.
What are solid, liquid, and gas?
The ability to cause motion or change.
What is energy?
A push or a pull on an object.
What is force?
Disturbances that carry energy from place to place, but the matter stays close to its original position.
What are waves?
Thermal energy transferred from one region or substance to another.
What is heat?
An element is a unique particle of matter. An individual particle of an element is ________.
What is an atom?
The energy an object has because of its motion.
What is kinetic energy?
The rate of change of an object's velocity; it can be speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.
What is accelerartion?
Waves that move in a motion perpendicular to the direction of the wave; these waves are S-shaped.
What are transverse waves?
The three methods for heat transfer.
What are conduction (through direct contact), convection (through gas or liquid), and radiation (via light waves)?
The connection between atoms in more complex particles.
What are chemical bonds?
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact with one another, resulting in kinetic energy being transferred to thermal or sound energy.
What is friction?
Newton's 2nd law of motion acknowledges the relationship between acceleration (a), force (F), and mass (m). The equation is written as ________.
What is a = F/m?
The distance between two successive crests in a wave.
What is wavelength?
The condition in which objects that are touching have the same temperature; objects and substances are always trying to reach this.
What is thermal equilibrium?
This organizes the known elements by both increasing order of their atomic mass and into columns of shared properties.
What is the Periodic Table of Elements?
The scientific law that states the total energy in a system always stays the same; energy can not be created or destroyed, just transferred or converted.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
These are the three types of non-contact forces.
What are magnetic, gravitational, and electrostatic?
The two properties of waves that have an impact on how much energy is transferred.
What are amplitude and frequency?
A material that has a low thermal conductivity, keeping heat from flowing through it easily.
What is a thermal insulator?
A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances form one or more other substances. This type of chemical reaction releases more energy to the surroundings than it absorbs.
What is an exothermic reaction?
Potential energy is stored energy. Name the five types of potential energy.
What is gravitational, electrical, magnetic, elastic, and chemical?
This states that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with a constant velocity unless acted on by unbalanced forces.
What is Newton's first law of motion?
The units of measurement used to describe the amount of energy a wave has.
What are joules?
The property of a substance that describes the amount of thermal energy that is needed to raise the temperature of the substance. For example, water has a much higher ________ than sand.
What is heat capacity?