How an igneous rock forms
Forms when magma or lava cool and harden
How magma is formed
When rock is melted at a high enough temperature
What is deposition
When sediments are deposited, usually at the bottoms of lakes, rivers, etc. and they then can begin to form new rocks
What is the Mohs scale
What is a mineral (at least 2 things)
- Naturally (re)occuring
- Inorganic
- Must be solid
- Have a definite chemical composition
- Have an ordered internal structure (crystal)
How a sedimentary rock forms
Forms when layers of sediments become compacted and cemented together
How sediments are formed
When rock gets weathered, eroded, deposited
What is erosion
One household item that contains minerals
Toothpaste, pots and pans, mirrors, electronics, etc.
The hardest mineral in the world
How a sedimentary rock forms into a metamorphic rock
When the sedimentary rock becomes heated and pressurized within the earth
How metamorphic becomes igneous rock
When metamorphic rock melts and cools
This is the oldest layer in sedimentary rocks
The bottom layer
What is streak
The six properties of a mineral
Colour, streak, lustre, cleavage, fracture, hardness
How an igneous rock becomes a sedimentary rock
When the igneous rock becomes weathered and eroded, then deposited and eventually cemented
Which kind of rock takes the longest to form
Sedimentary because of all the layers and compaction needed
Bonus: what is uplift?
Hardness of a mineral
How easily it can be scratched
The difference between an intrusive and extrusive rock
Intrusive - forms underneath the surface; magma
Extrusive - forms above the surface; lava
The type of rocks that fossils form in
What is a parent rock and a daughter rock?
Daughter rock - what the parent rock turns into
Bonus: Where fossils get trapped
Sedimentary rock
Difference between cleavage and fracture
Cleavage - breaks into two smooth surfaces
Fracture - breaks into rough uneven surfaces