A
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releases oxygen?
A. Digestion C. Photosynthesis
B. Fermentation D. Respiration
C. Photosynthesis
What term refers to the observable characteristics of an organism?
A. Allele C. Phenotype
B. Genotype D. Chromosome
C. Phenotype
Which scientist developed an evidence-based atomic theory that described atoms as tiny particles of matter?
A. Ernest Rutherford
B. John Dalton
C. J. J. Thomson
D. Niels Bohr
B. John Dalton
In which organelle does photosynthesis mainly occur?
A. Chloroplast C. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion D. Ribosome
A. Chloroplast
Which microorganism commonly carries out alcoholic fermentation?
A. Yeast C. Fern
B. Amoeba D. Algae
A. Yeast
What are the three domains in the three-domain classification system?
A. Animalia, Plantae and Fungi
B. Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
C. Protista, Fungi and Plantae
D. Archaebacteria, Eubacteria and Animalia
B. Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
Which organ is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?
A. Esophagus C. Large intestine
B. Small intestine D. Stomach
B. Small intestine
. Which pair contains the raw materials used in photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide and water C. Oxygen and sunlight
B. Glucose and oxygen D. Glucose and water
A. Carbon dioxide and water
Complete the flow of matter below.
Animal respiration → __ → Plant photosynthesis
Which substance correctly completes the flow?
A. Carbon dioxide C. Nitrogen
B. Glucose D. Starch
A. Carbon dioxide
Why are stomata important in photosynthesis?
A. They allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for gas exchange.
B. They transport sugar from the leaves to the roots.
C. They absorb water directly from the soil.
D. They contain most of the plant's chlorophyll.
A. They allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for gas exchange.
Which substances are major products of photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide and water C. Oxygen and nitrogen
B. Glucose and oxygen D. Water and minerals
B. Glucose and oxygen
Where does the citric acid cycle mainly occur?
A. Chloroplast stroma C. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Cytoplasm D. Cell membrane
C. Mitochondrial matrix
Which sequence correctly arranges these atomic-model contributors from earlier to later?
A. Bohr -> Rutherford -> Thomson -> Dalton
B. Thomson -> Dalton -> Bohr -> Rutherford
C. Rutherford -> Thomson -> Dalton -> Bohr
D. Dalton -> Thomson -> Rutherford -> Bohr
D. Dalton -> Thomson -> Rutherford -> Bohr
A scattering experiment shows that most positive particles pass straight through a thin material, but a few are strongly deflected. Which atomic model best fits this evidence?
A. A completely solid atom with no internal structure
B. An atom containing only electrons
C. An atom with positive charge spread evenly throughout
D. An atom with a small, dense positive nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space
D. An atom with a small, dense positive nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space
In Rutherford's scattering experiment, most alpha particles passed through the foil with little or no deflection. What did this suggest about the atom?
A. The atom is solid throughout.
B. Most of the atom is empty space.
C. Positive charge is spread evenly throughout the atom.
D. Electrons are located inside a solid nucleus.
B. Most of the atom is empty space.
Cathode rays were attracted toward a positively charged plate. What did this evidence suggest about particles in the rays?
A. They carried negative charge.
B. They carried positive charge.
C. They had no electrical charge.
D. They were made entirely of light.
A. They carried negative charge.
How can two parents who do not show a recessive trait have a child who shows it?
A. Both parents may carry a recessive allele.
B. Dominant alleles always disappear in offspring.
C. Recessive traits develop only after birth.
D. The child must receive two dominant alleles.
A. Both parents may carry a recessive allele.
Why are humans classified under Domain Eukarya?
A. Human cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
B. Human cells have no nucleus.
C. Humans live only in extreme environments.
D. Humans obtain energy through photosynthesis.
A. Human cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
In pea plants, T is dominant for tallness and t is recessive for shortness. If Tt is crossed with tt, what is the probability of a short offspring?
A. 0% C. 50%
B. 25% D. 75%
C. 50%
A cut plant stem is placed in colored water. Later, colored lines appear in the stem and leaves. Which tissue carried the colored water upward?
A. Phloem C. Stomata
B. Xylem D. Guard cells
B. Xylem
Which statement correctly distinguishes breathing from cellular respiration?
A. Breathing exchanges gases at the organism level, while cellular respiration releases usable energy inside cells.
B. Breathing produces ATP, while cellular respiration moves air into the lungs.
C. Breathing occurs only in animals, while cellular respiration occurs only in plants.
D. Breathing and cellular respiration are exactly the same process.
A. Breathing exchanges gases at the organism level, while cellular respiration releases usable energy inside cells.
Scientists discover a single-celled organism that has no true nucleus and lives in an extremely hot environment. Evidence shows that it is genetically distinct from bacteria. Under which domain should it be classified?
A. Archaea C. Eukarya
B. Bacteria D. Animalia
A. Archaea
Why was Dalton's atomic theory considered more scientifically supported than Democritus' early idea?
A. Dalton was the first person to use the word atom.
B. Dalton could directly see individual atoms.
C. Dalton connected atomic ideas with experimental evidence and laws of matter.
D. Dalton proved that atoms contained no smaller particles.
C. Dalton connected atomic ideas with experimental evidence and laws of matter.
Which stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?
A. Citric acid cycle C. Glycolysis
B. Electron transport chain D. Calvin cycle
C. Glycolysis
. Which set lists major products of aerobic cellular respiration?
A. Glucose, oxygen and light
B. Oxygen, starch and water
C. Glucose, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
D. Carbon dioxide, water and ATP
D. Carbon dioxide, water and ATP