Physics
The force that pulls objects toward the center of the Earth
What is gravity?
The only metal liquid at room temperature
What is mercury?
This green pigment in plants absorbs sunlight and is essential for photosynthesis
What is chlorophyll?
The region of icy bodies, dwarf planets, and comets that lies beyond Neptune
What is the Kuiper Belt?
These large sections of Earth’s lithosphere move slowly over the mantle and their interactions cause earthquakes and mountain formation
What are tectonic plates?
The effect in relativity that causes time to pass at different rates depending on speed
What is time dilation?
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What is an isotope?
The organ in the human body that filters blood, removes waste, and produces urine
What is the kidney?
The second largest moon in the solar system that has a thick atmosphere
What is Titan?
The permanently frozen ground found in polar regions that remains below 0°C for at least two consecutive years
What is permafrost?
The type of wave that causes particles in the medium to vibrate in the same direction the wave travels
What is a longitudinal wave?
The measurement that describes the number of moles of a substance dissolved per liter of solution
What is molar concentration?
This protein in red blood cells carries oxygen throughout the body
What is hemoglobin?
This term describes the point in the sky directly above an observer
What is the zenith?
The method that determines the age of rocks and fossils by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes
What is radiometric dating?
The specific temperature and pressure at which a substance’s solid, liquid, and gas phases all exist in equilibrium
What is the triple point?
This separation technique purifies liquids by heating them and collecting their vapors as they condense
What is distillation?
The protein-coding regions of a gene that remain in the final mature RNA after splicing
What are exons?
This is the term for the point in a planet's orbit when it is closest to the Sun
What is the perihelion?
The boundary that separates Earth’s crust from the mantle and was first identified by seismic wave changes
The Moho discontinuity?
The theory that says every possible outcome of a quantum event happens in its own universe
What is the Many-Worlds Interpretation?
These devices convert chemical energy from a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy
What are galvanic cells?
This cellular complex breaks down unwanted or damaged proteins into smaller peptides for recycling
What is the proteasome?
A theoretical ultra-dense star formed when gravity crushes neutrons into free quarks
What is a quark star?
This principle states that the same geological processes operating today have shaped Earth throughout its history
What is uniformitarianism?