Earth
Is Earth bigger or smaller than the sun? Give an example of sizings using two objects.
Earth is much, much smaller that the Sun. Even Jupiter, the biggest planet is only a small fraction of the sun's size. You can imagine that the Sun is a giant bowling ball, and the Earth is only a small peppercorn.
When does Earth turn to the Suns light and when does it turn away? When does Earth have more or less daylight?
At sunrise Earth rotates into the light of the Sun. At sunset it rotates away from the Suns light. Seasons mark the change in daylight, so daytime. In both spring and fall, Earths North America stays in the light of the sun for 12 hours, before turning a different part on it into the light, leaving North America without sunlight for another 12 hours. But in summer and winter the hours are disproportionate and don't match up like 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. Instead winter has less hours (About 10) and summer has longer hours. (About 14)
Name the definition of a sunspot.
What are cooler and darker parts on earths outmost layer made by magnetic field lines and the more there are the stronger the magnetic field there is?
A type of wave that can be an electromagnetic light wave OR a mechanical wave.
What are Transverse waves?
How do you find wave speed? How do you find pitch?
You find wave speed by using the equation of frequency x wavelength= speed. You can find pitch by frequency and wavelength, but not multiplying or adding just looking at the both of them.
What is weightlessness, and can you ever be weightless? Can an astronaut be weightless in space? Give an example of a time you have felt weightless.
Weightlessness is where someone weighs nothing, and the pull of gravity is nothing, or zero, therefore, you can never be weightless because no matter where you are there will always be some pull of gravity. So an astronaut cannot be weightless even in space because when they are circling Earth they are floating only because they are being pulled towards Earths core. You may feel weightless at the top of a roller-coaster even if your not because for a moment at the top when you are about to come down you and the cart are not connected to anything, so you may feel weightless.
In the morning where does the Sun shine first? The East Coast? Or the West Coast? About how long does it to take for the sun to get to the second place?
In the morning the Sun first shines on the East Coast, Ny, Miami, e.t.c. After about 3 hours the Sun has shone on the West Coast, LA, Seattle, e.t.c.
Is the sun bigger than most stars? Explain.
No, the sun is an average sized star. But, since it is much, much closer to Earth than any other star, it seems much bigger.
A mechanical wave that can be sound or seismic, and can look like a slinky.
What are Longitudinal waves?
Definitions of High frequency, Low frequency, High Amplitude, Low Amplitude, Amplitude, and Frequency.
High frequency- Higher pitch
Low frequency- Low pitch
High Amplitude- High volume
Low Amplitude- Low volume
Amplitude- Volume
Frequency- Pitch, tone
Can CME's effect Earth? Is so, what can they do?
Yes, CME's can effect Earth, and if they do come to Earth, they can wipe out the power of many homes.
How does Earth work/use/make time? What are two examples of old methods we used?
Earth used to tell time by shadows. We now have more improved ways of telling time that we work into the makings of clocks using Earth and the Suns positions, but not distance. We used to use sundials which were "plates" with metal "slabs" that stuck up and we measured the shadows to determine the time. Obelisks were stone towers whose shadows were also measured to tell the time.
What are Coronal Mass Ejections and Magnetic Field Lines?
CME's are explosions of plasma and magnetic electricity that comes from the suns Corona and can damage earth's power/electricity. MFL's are magnetic electricity "lines" going from pole to pole in the convection layer in the sun. The get twisted around and come up to the surface of the sun, creating sunspots and solar flares.
Crest, Trough, Amplitude, and Wavelength.
What are the four main parts of a wave?
Can there be a gravitational pull towards the sun outside of our solar system?
Yes, there is always some sort of gravitational pull towards the Sun, even outside of our Solar System. But, it will be much weaker, and you will not really notice too much of a difference as if it was not there.
When an object on Earth falls, the object is being pulled in the direction of Earths core. Why does this happen?
An object on Earth falls down, which is the direction of Earths core. The heavier the object, the stronger the pull between both the object and Earth. The force of the gravity between two objects relies on both their distance and their mass.
What is a Time Zone? Why were they made, and how do they help?
Time Zones are separate areas of the world that all have different clock times, and in a time zone all the clocks in it have the same time. They were made for the whole world, but specifically for train stations, because places would have random times and trains would crash because they had uncoordinated times to drive. There are 24 major time zones, but on the railroad there are only 4.
What are nuclear reactions, nuclear fusions, and nuclear bombs?
Nuclear reactions are changes to atoms in the nuclei, or core. They change hydrogen to helium in a process called nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion reactions release a lot of energy when the hydrogen turns to helium. Nuclear bombs use nuclear fusion to make tons of balls of bomb like energy. Hydrogen bombs are the most powerful type of nuclear bombs.
The Electromagnetic Spectrum.
What is Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, X-ray, Gamma ray, and Ultraviolet?
What do you call one complete turn of Earth around its own axis? What is an axis? What do you call one complete lap of Earth around the sun?
One complete turn of Earth around it's axis is called a rotation, and it takes 24 hours. One complete lap around the sun is called a revolution and it takes a year, or 365 1/2 days. An axis is an imaginary line from the north pole to the south pole.
How do planets orbit, and what would happen if something about their cycle changed?
An orbiting planet is being pulled towards the sun because of the pull of gravity, but they are moving just fast enough to stay in orbit. But if they were to move just a little closer or farther from the sun, their orbits and cycle would be completely ruined by the imbalance of the speed and pull of gravity.
How are seasons determined/made? Does it have anything to do with Earths distance from the Sun itself?
Seasons are made not by Earths distance to the Sun, but its position. The position is made by how Earth is currently tilted on its axis. If you live in New York and you are tilted towards the Sun, it will be summer, but if you are tilted away, it is winter.
What are the three layers of of the sun, in order from inside out, and what are they?
They three layers of the sun are the core, the radiation zone, and the convection zone.
The core- The innermost layer of the sun that houses billions of hydrogen atoms coming together in the process of nuclear fusion
The radiation zone- The middle layer of the sun where nuclear fusion energy becomes electromagnetic radiation
The convection zone- The outermost layer of the sun where energy (light) is created and is transported by convection and can be sent down to earth
Name the four main characteristics of every wave and answer the question which type of wave, -transverse or longitudinal- does not need a medium.
What is frequencey, wavelength, amplitude, and speed? What is light, or electromagnetic transverse waves?
Name the definition of rarefactions, refracted, reflect, filters, opaque, transparent, translucent, absorb, transmit, and compression.
Rarefactions- An area where the material in a wave is spread apart
Refracted- To break up, or slow down
Reflect- Mirror, bounce off
Filters- A colored "film" or object that soaks up colors but only reflects its own color
Opaque- Solid, cannot see through
Transparent- Can partially see through, "clouded" visibility through
Translucent- Can completely see through, clear
Absorb- To take in
Transmit- Sending along
Compression- To press together, conform