Earth & Space
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale?
Diamond
Which body system transmits electrical signals to relay messages throughout the entire body?
Nervous system
As a skier goes downhill, potential energy is primarily converted into what type of energy?
Kinetic energy
What state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container?
Liquid
What laboratory instrument is used to measure liquid volume accurately?
Graduated cylinder
What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
Igneous rock
What organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it generates most of the chemical energy?
Mitochondria
What is Newton's First Law of Motion often referred to as?
The Law of Inertia
What subatomic particle carries a negative charge and orbits the nucleus of an atom?
Electron
What variable in a scientific experiment is deliberately changed or manipulated by the scientist?
Independent variable
What celestial event occurs when the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon?
Lunar Eclipse
What is the primary product of photosynthesis that plants store for energy?
Glucose (Sugar)
What physical quantity is calculated by dividing total distance traveled by total time elapsed?
Average Speed
On the pH scale, any solution with a pH value less than 7 is considered what?
Acidic (an acid)
What is a testable, proposed explanation for a scientific phenomenon based on prior observation called?
Hypothesis
Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere is closest to the surface and contains most of our weather?
Troposphere
What type of biological relationship exists when both organisms benefit from the interaction?
Mutualism
What force opposes the relative motion of two surfaces sliding past each other?
Friction
What physical phase change occurs when a substance converts directly from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid?
Sublimation
What unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is used to measure mass?
Kilogram (or gram)
What boundary type is created when two tectonic plates slide horizontally past one another (e.g., the San Andreas Fault)?
Transform boundary
What allele combination describes an organism that has two identical dominant alleles for a single trait (e.g., BB)?
Homozygous dominant
If an object has a mass of 10 kg and accelerates at 3 m/s², what net force is acting on it in Newtons?
30 N (F=ma)
What is the term for a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change itself?
Catalyst
What type of graph is best suited for showing how a continuous variable changes over time?
Line graph