Booklet 1-2
What is a chromosome?
Thread-like proteins with a single molecule of DNA that carries the genetic information of cells. Humans have 23 pairs.
What are the three different levels of biodiversity?
Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
What are carcinogens
Carcinogens are any substances, organisms, or agents capable of causing cancer or increasing your risk of developing it.
What is natural selection?
Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive, reproduce, and pass on their advantageous genetic traits to future generations.
What is biotechnology?
The use of technology and organisms to produce useful products.
What is a sister chromatid?
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome.
What is a phenotype?
The physical description of an organism's trait
What are the three mutations?
Substitition, insertion, deletion
Who studied Finches?
Charles Darwin
What is gene therapy?
Gene therapy is a medical technique that treats or prevents disease by changing a person's genes.
What is a homologus pair?
A pair of chromosomes that are identical.
What is a genotype?
The specific combination of alleles an organism has for a trait (example - heterozygous)
What is incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance is a genetic pattern where neither allele is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a blended or intermediate phenotype (physical appearance) in the heterozygous offspring.
What is artificial selection
Artificial selection (also known as selective breeding) is the human-driven process of choosing specific plants or animals with desirable traits to reproduce, shaping the characteristics of future generations.
what is cloning?
A process that produces identical copies of genes, cells, or organisms.
What are the 5 nitrogenous bases?
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U)
What is a punnett square?
Predicts possible traits in the offspring. They show random distribution of parents genes.
What is complete dominance?
Complete dominance is a pattern of inheritance where the dominant allele completely masks or hides the effect of the recessive allele in a heterozygous organism.
What is selective pressure?
Selection pressure (also called selective or evolutionary pressure) is any external or environmental factor that makes it more or less likely that certain individuals in a population will survive and reproduce.
What's a GMO?
Genetically Modified Organism
What is cytokinesis?
The official division of cells into two separate daughter cells.
What is codominance?
Both alleles for a trait are equally expressed in a heterozygote; both alleles are dominant.
How many chromosomes does a human have?
46 chromosomes
What is monoculture?
A monoculture is the practice of growing a single crop, plant species, or organism in a field or area at one time, or a society/culture dominated by a single, uniform set of ideas, values, or media experiences.
What is a DNA profile?
Determines specific sequences of DNA unique to a person.