Scientific Revolution 1
What instrument did Galileo design to help him observe the stars and planets?
A Telescope
What four major goals motivated European voyages during the Age of Exploration?
-New trade routes
-Wealth
-Knowledge
-Territory
The Scientific Revolution overlaps with what 2 other historical eras?
-End of Renaissance period
-Late 18th century, the Enlightenment period
Identify 3 crops or foods that traveled from the Americas to other parts of the world through the Columbian exchange.
Maize, Tomatoes, Peppers, Potatoes, Cacao
List 2 modernized branches of science and 2 new inventions from the era
2 of each:
-Astronomy, Anatomy, Dentistry, Chemistry, Optics, Physiology
-Telescope, Mechanical Calculator, Steam Digester, Vacuum pump, Mercury Barometer
Why were diseases like smallpox, measles, and influenza especially destructive to Indigenous American communities?
They had little to no immunity to these diseases.
What is another name for the scientific method?
Baconian method
Why were spices and other Asian luxury goods expensive by the time they reached Europe?
The products usually passed through several merchants before reaching Europe.
Who created the scientific method of discovery?
Francis Bacon
How did the Ottoman capture of Constantinople in 1453 affect European interest in ocean trade routes?
Traditional trade routes became more difficult to use.
Sir Isaac Newton constructed which scientific law that combines terrestrial and celestial mechanics?
Law of Universal Gravitation
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A treaty that drew an imaginary line dividing territories outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal.
Describe Copernicus' heliocentric model of the universe.
-The sun is the center of the universe
-The Earth orbits around the sun.
What combination of factors helped Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquer larger Indigenous empires?
-alliances with Indigenous rivals
-military technology
-disruption caused by disease
What model of the universe puts the Earth at the center of the universe?
Ptolemaic Model/Geocentric Model
What is the Middle Passage?
Deadly Atlantic voyage endured by enslaved Africans transported to the Americas.
What event is often cited as the start of the Scientific Revolution?
1543- publication of Nicolaus Copernicus' "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium"
What is the encomienda system?
A system that granted colonists the right to demand labor or tribute from Indigenous communities.
Why was Copernicus' heliocentric model revolutionary?
It removed the earth from the center of the universe.
or
The model moved away from the Ptolemaic system.
Why was the voyage of Bartolomeu Dias important to Portugal?
-proved that a sea route from Europe toward the Indian ocean was possible.
-demonstrated that ships could round the southern tip of Africa