Molecular Biology
This double-helix molecule carries the genetic instructions for all living organisms.
What is DNA?
This life-saving emergency procedure combines chest compressions and rescue breaths to keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain.
What is CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)?
This technique uses an electrical current to separate DNA fragments by size through a porous gel matrix.
What is gel electrophoresis?
This household item—often used as a biological model—is a fungus that consumes sugar and produces carbon dioxide gas and ethanol.
What is yeast?
To prevent contamination and chemical exposure, these three items form the standard trio of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) worn on the eyes, hands, and body.
What are safety goggles, gloves, and lab coats?
The structural rule of DNA base-pairing states that Adenine always pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine always pairs with this base.
What is Guanine?
This diagnostic test uses antibodies to determine if a person has type A, B, AB, or O blood.
What is blood typing?
You would use this specialized, adjustable laboratory tool to precisely measure and dispense a tiny volume of liquid, such as 10 microliters.
What is a micropipette?
This complex protein molecule acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions, like breaking down milk proteins to make cheese.
What is an enzyme?
Even if a lab activity uses food-grade items like milk or fruit, this fundamental rule must be followed at all times at the lab bench.
What is "no eating, drinking, or tasting"?
his is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
What is transcription?
If a patient's blood sample clumps (agglutinates) only when mixed with Anti-A antibodies, they have this specific blood type.
What is Type A?
Because DNA has this overall electrical charge, it migrates toward the positive electrode (the red side) during electrophoresis.
What is a negative charge?
This chemical process occurs when microorganisms break down carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.
What is fermentation?
This field of study addresses the moral and societal implications of biotechnological advancements and medical decisions.
What is bioethics?
These are the building blocks of proteins, which are linked together during translation based on the genetic code.
What are amino acids?
This term refers to a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
What is an epidemic (or pandemic if global)?
This data-collection interface connects sensors (like spirometers or gas sensors) to a computer or Chromebook to log real-time lab data.
What is a LabQuest (or LabQuest Mini)?
This is the primary enzyme used in cheesemaking to curdle milk, traditionally found in rennet.
What is chymosin (or rennin)?
This bright, distinctive color is the international standard used on signs to warn of biological hazards, such as infectious materials or contaminated petri dishes.
What is orange-red (or red/orange biohazard symbol)?
Unlike DNA extraction, which pulls out nucleic acids, this process involves twisting, folding, and stabilizing a chain of amino acids into a functional 3D shape.
What is protein folding?
These specific proteins are produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.
What are antibodies?
This device measures human lung volumes and capacities by recording the rate of air moving in and out of the lungs.
What is a spirometer?
When extracting DNA from this popular red fruit, dish soap is used to lyse (break open) the cell membranes.
What is a strawberry?
This document, found in every modern lab for every chemical used, details safety hazards, first-aid measures, and handling instructions.
What is an SDS (Safety Data Sheet)?