What is a bureaucracy? Explain the system used to China fill the ranks of its government. What is a meritocracy?
What is a (bureaucratic) system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. Civil service exam and state academy. A (meritocratic) system uses the most qualified candidates to fill positions.
100
List several military technologies from China and India. Explain how they were used and how they were overcome.
What is Crossbow, castles, walls, war elephants, canons.. Ex. War elephants were scared of guns and lost against fast Arab camels and horses.
100
This term helps historians justify the relatively speedy growth and success of India and China’s early development?
Bonus: What provided natural barriers for India? China?
What is Geographic Isolation
Bonus: Answers may vary.
100
What developments (at least two) in China led to a rapid increase in literacy and scholarship within the government?
What is wood block printing, press, paper, publishing, civil service exam, state academy..
100
What is hegemony?
What is exercising control through consent.
200
Explain the “Mandate of Heaven” and the “Dynastic Cycle”.
Bonus: Which dynasty created a similar system of government to our modern system in the United States? What was called?
What is (mandate of heaven) a system where rulers legitimized their authority through "heavens" will. The (dynastic cycle) refers to the rise of leaders through legitimacy, reform, corruption, natural disasters, and the eventual revoking of authority through overthrow or rebellion. The cycle refers to its repetition.
Bonus: 3 Departments and 6 Ministries
200
In early China nobles/knights/land owners were responsible for the defense of the empire. How did the onset of the crossbow an other advanced weaponry led to a concept called “aristocratic warfare”?
What is crossbows made advanced military training no longer necessary. Peasants could fight instead of knights.
200
What is stimulus diffusion? Cultural hearth?
What is adapting ideas or beliefs to fit another culture. Maharaja Mac. Cultural Heart is a place where culture emanates from..
200
Unlike Rome, the early Guptan Empire had no conflict between these (2) disciplines? How did this pursuit led to a better understanding of earth and time?
What is Science and Philosophy. Led to astrology and mathematics, pie, calendar, circumference of earth, etc.
200
What is dominance?
What is exercising control through force or fear. Police-State.
300
Both India and China’s leaders engaged in massive engineering projects that benefited them and cause enormous resentment, planting the seeds of their eventual decline. What were examples of these projects and how did they hurt the empire?
What is The Great Wall, Grand Canal, and Taj Mahal (or Mughal Architecture) leading to increase in taxes, waste, conscripted labor forces, death and famine...
300
Early Islamic conquers (Mahmud of Gazni) entered India with the intent of “liberating” the city of Somnath. Explain the story and how it was used a ruse for the intent of plundering. How did this engender hatred between Hindu’s and Muslims?
Bonus: What is the Qutb Minaret?
What is a story fabricated that told of the return of a stolen Islamic idle called Monatha. Used to steal and raid India but called a religious conquest or "war against the infidels." During this time many Hindu/Buddhist temples were destroyed.
Bonus: A statement of conquerors. Bricks.
300
Through satellite imagery, geographers have been able to study and explain much of the “logical” development of early civilizations. What traits would you expect to find that encouraged progress and growth? What would they look like under this style of imagery?
What is rivers, natural barriers, fertile land, and resources. Answers may vary. Ex. River is blue. Mountain is white.
300
During this “Rice and Tea” dynasty, China used what technology to rapidly expand its empire and defend its trade interests both at home and abroad? Eventually creating a standing ______ ?
What is the Song Dynasty, massive six mast ships capable of holding 1000 men. Standing navy.
300
Describe the differences between a civilization (kingdom) and an empire.
What is (Empire) expansive territory of many states ruled by a single emperor. Flourishing. (Civilization) shared cultural, linguistic, political values who may have a single leader or not. Surviving.
400
Chandragupta Maurya and Asoka both led the Mauryan Empire and eventually renounced their leadership roles. What transformation did they both share? Explain. What did Asoka’s “redemption” eventually led to the creation of?
What is ineffective leadership or failure led them to renounce their titles (abdicate) and seek comfort in religion (Jainism/Buddhism). Asoka created edicts, animals rights, and the wheel of law.
400
What two time periods/dynasties of Mongols effectively took over in China and India? How were they able to establish rule over, what remained, enormous native populations?
What is Yuan and Mughal. Answers may vary. Strict. Tolerant.
400
What are the (5) qualifiers of civilization?
Bonus: Explain what they mean.
What is Advanced cities, Record keeping, Specialized workers, Advanced technology, Complex institutions..
Bonus: Complex Institution: temple
400
What was Akbar’s “Age of Reason” ? How did he accomplish this? Evident by the creation of this short-lived religion
What is a period of inquiry into religion and philosophy. Weekly meetings with various religious advisers. Godism.
400
What aspects/traits to empires exhibit before their eventual decline?
What is over-consumption, extravagance, waste, excessive taxes, foolish foreign wars, tyranny, class warfare, poverty, famine, etc..
500
During the Mughal reign, leaders from Europe praised their humanity and rationality. Who was this leader they described and what are some examples that would support this claim?
Bonus: What language was created during this period to support the vast diversity of the Mughal Empire? A combination of what languages? Made official by which leader?
What is Akbar. Answers may vary. Stable, peaceful community with tolerance as its central tenant.
Bonus: Urdu. Persian/Hindi/Arabic. Jahangir.
500
During the Qing dynasty European imperialism entered in the form of an illicit substance, what was the substance and how did it lead to the spheres of influence? After grave losses of territory and defeat it eventually led to the Boxer Rebellion and Boxer Protocol, who were the “Boxers” and what was the outcome of the “Protocol”?
What is Opium or Opium Wars. Spheres of Influence = European powers dividing up China into European controlled zones. Boxers were those that fought against foreign influence. The Protocol referred to reparations that China would be forced pay to Europeans (colonizers) for destroying their property (Concessions).
500
How did the early onset of agricultural surplus led to class and occupational distinctions? What step could explain the onset of the caste system in India and human sacrifice in China?
What is Agriculturalism >> Agricultural Surplus >> Food Security >> Settlement >> Specialization >> Temples/Priests... Led to high and low class jobs, spirituality and superstition.. (Caste System priests on top) and (human sacrifice to please the gods)
500
What was China’s single greatest resource? India’s? What technologies have stood the test of time and are exceptionally important, possibly still enduring the test of time? Defend.
Bonus: What Indian city lives in both the past and the present, both classical and modern? Provide an example.
What is Silk (China). Spices (India). Answers may vary.
Bonus: Madurai. Still hear chants of Vedas. Goldsmiths.
500
Knowing that empires must exert coercion in order to be successful in their infancy, can an empire ever recover or regain the trust of those governed? What is Coercion? Are there any examples of this in the history of India or China?
Bonus: Could the Qin dynasty be viewed as an empirical success story? Why?
What is answers may vary.. Manipulation. Emperor Qin, Asoka, Akbar, Kublai..
Yes. He was able to close the Warring States Period and unify the empire, even if it was through viscous and brutal policies. The Sui could also be an example.