Lessons 1-3
Where the Serengeti National Park is located (country name, not continent)
Tanzania
Name of the disease that Italian soldiers brought to Africa that quickly spread from cattle to other hooved animals
Rinderpest
A _________________ is anything that affects how a population can grow
Limiting factor
________ interactions occur between components of an ecosystem in which one thing has a significant impact on another, without an intermediate factor
Direct
In 1993, there was abnormally low rainfall in the dry season; this is called a __________
Drought
Term for when a population rapidly increases (example: buffalo and wildebeest did from 1960-1977)
Exponential Growth
The disease also greatly impacted many populations of people because cattle were their main source of ______ and income.
Food
The Wakuria tribe in the northern region were poaching and selling ________ to Kenya in order to make money.
Buffalo
Indirect interactions occur as a result of a _____________ effect, in which one component eventually affects another component
Trickle Down
After the lack of rainfall, there was more intense competition for food leading to large numbers of animals dying of ____________ by the end of the dry season (in October)
Starvation
Wildebeest migrate around different regions of the Serengeti, following the seasonal patterns of ___________
Rainfall
Type of campaign that started in 1960 to eliminate the disease
Vaccine
The wildebeest population stabilized, starting in the mid 1970s. They reached __________ at about 1.3 million animals
Carrying Capacity
An increase in wildebeest resulted in higher tree density in the Serengeti because of ______ grass and less fire as intermediate factors.
Less
Buffalo were slower to recover because buffalo do not _______ to find food, were still poached and population density was already low
Migrate
The amount of energy that would be transferred to the primary consumer if the primary producer started with 1,000,000 kcal
100,000kcal
One of the primary indicators that veterinarians used to confirm the elimination of rinderpest was a lack of _________ in adult wildebeest and buffalo
Antibodies
Wildebeest are more likely to die of ____________ rather than _____________
Starvation/Predation
Bob Paine’s groundbreaking study of starfish removal is an example of ____ ________ regulation in the Pacific Northwest tide pools
Top Down
The wildebeest had a higher ________ _________ meaning they had no trouble finding mates, and a large population can grow more quickly than a smaller population
Population Density
From 1961-1975 survival rates for the ____________ were increasing at the same time the _________ population was also increasing
Wildebeest. lion
Term for when more and more cattle were vaccinated, the risk of them passing the virus to the wild populations greatly decreased
Herd Immunity
Food availability and increased competition for grass in the dry season is the limiting factor for the wildebeest population. This is called ________________
Bottom Up Regulation
The animal that is the keystone species of the Serengeti because their presence and numbers in the ecosystem has many, many direct and indirect effects
Wildebeest
The buffalo population didn’t start rebounding until the mid 2000’s and are still rising as of 2020. This was due to better park management and more ranger patrols against ________
Poaching