Reproduction
Reproduction is one of the unique properties of ______
Life
What release specialized groups of cells called gemmules that can grow into new individuals. Think of Sponge Bob's cousin.
Fresh water sponges
What is the production of offspring by the fusion of haploid gametes (eggs & sperm) from two parents to form a diploid zygote (fertilized egg).
sexual reproduction
Evolution is linked to _____________
Reproduction
____________results when an organism’s body is broken into several pieces and each piece grows into a new organism.
Fragmentation
What is a fertilized egg called?
Zygote
How many modes of reproduction are recognized?
2
When an organism regrows a lost body part after fragmentation.
Regeneration
True or False: Sexual reproduction creates genetic variability and it is increased by the random combinations of genes from the parents.
True
What are the two modes of reproduction called?
Asexual and sexual
Name One Advantage of asexual reproduction?
Animals living far from members of their own species can reproduce without having to search for a mate.
Numerous offspring quickly – ideal for colonizing a new area.
Advantageous in a stable, favorable environment because it reproduces a successful genotype precisely.
What are the disadvantages or cost of sexual reproduction versus asexual reproduction
More complicated, finding a mate.
Requires more time.
Uses more energy.
The cost of meiosis to the female is passage of only half of her genes to offspring.
Production of males reduces resources for females that could produce eggs.
Slower population growth
Reproduction is the production of ________
offspring
Name one disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Identical offspring respond in the same way to the environment, therefore if there is an environmental change they face extinction.
Same diseases can be transferred to the next generation.
No variation within species, will not allow for evolution with changing enviornment.
Gametes arise by meiosis because?
Because meiosis creates cells that are destined to become gametes (or reproductive cells), this reduction in chromosome number is critical (23 and 23 for human chromosomes) — without it, the union of two gametes during fertilization would result in offspring with twice the normal number of chromosomes!