Throwing Phases
History
Mechanisms
Injury Management
Practical Evaluation
100
First phase of throwing, preparing to throw
Windup
100
Athlete complains of pain that has gradually increased over time, caused by repetitive overhead activity. The general term for this type of injury is called:
Overuse
100
Name an injury that could be caused by FOOSH
AC Sprain - Dislocation - Labrum Tear - Clavicle Fracture
100
What does SLAP stand for?
Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior
100
What is scapular winging?
Shoulder blades protrude on back due to muscle weakness
200
Second phase of throwing - hands separate
Early Cocking
200
FOOSH stands for:
Falling On Out-Stretched Hand
200
Name one of the mechanisms of clavicle fracture
Falling on lateral shoulder - Direct impact - FOOSH
200
How are labrum tears fixed?
Arthroscopic Repair (surgery)
200
Which muscle is being evaluated during Empty Can Test?
Supraspinatus
300
Third phase of throwing - Most vulnerable position for the shoulder (abducted and maximal external rotation)
Late Cocking
300
Athlete feels popping, clicking, and grinding deep inside their shoulder joint. What could be injured?
Torn glenoid labrum
300
Name 2 specific examples of overuse that cause rotator cuff tendonitis
Poor Biomechanics - Anatomical Differences - Weak Muscles - Scapular Instability - New Sport - Not Enough Rest - Playing Multiple Sports At Same Time
300
How can you prevent rotator cuff tendonitis and impingement syndrome?
Strengthen muscles - teach proper form - educate athletes to speak up when in pain - pitch count limitations - age limits - nutrition & adequate rest
300
What is scapular dyskinesis?
Inefficient movement of scapula during overhead activity which leads to instability
400
Fourth phase of throwing - arm moves forward and ball is released
Acceleration
400
Athlete complains of instability, the feeling that their shoulder is going to "pop out," and apprehension when arm is abducted and externally rotated. What do you think could have happened?
Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation
400
What is the most vulnerable position for the shoulder?
Abducted and Externally Rotated (Late Cocking Phase)
400
Name one complication associated with Glenohumeral Dislocation
Fracture - Labrum tear (SLAP/Bankart) - Cartilage Defect - Biceps Tendon avulsion
400
Which test involves laying the patient on their back and moving their shoulder into abduction and external rotation?
Apprehension
500
Final phase of throwing - very important that athlete takes the time to decelerate for injury prevention
Follow-through
500
Describe the normal progression of pain for an athlete with Rotator Cuff Tendonitis: ________ --> _________ --> ________
Pain after activity --> Pain during & after activity --> Pain all the time
500
Describe the 5 part cycle that occurs during Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (hint: starts and ends with inflammation)
Inflammation --> Swelling --> Decreased Space --> Friction --> Inflammation
500
Why is it important to get an xray ASAP for a suspected clavicle fracture?
Vital organs and blood vessels in that area - fracture could shift - could need surgery to stabilize bone fragments
500
What is a positive sign during Apprehension test AND what does it test for?
If patient gets scared/nervous/apprehensive -- it tells us they have dislocated their shoulder before
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