Infectology
What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in a young woman without allergies?
Nitrofurantoin monohydrate
Which antibody is most specific for the diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Cyclic citrullinated antipeptide
What is the target blood pressure for a patient with general hypertension according to recent guidelines?
< 130/80 mmHg
Which of the following is a criterion for defining Acute Kidney Injury according to the KDIGO classification?
Serum creatinine increase greater than 0.3 mg/dl in 48 hours
What is the topical treatment of choice for a mild atopic dermatitis flare-up?
Low-potency topical corticosteroids
According to the CURB-65 scale, what is the indicated management for a patient with pneumonia who presents with confusion and a respiratory rate of 32 rpm?
Hospital Admission
What finding in polarized light microscopy confirms the diagnosis of gout?
Needle-shaped crystals with negative birefringence
What is the pathognomonic electrocardiographic finding for an acute subepicardial injury?
ST-segment elevation
What is the first step in managing severe hyperkalemia (>6.5 mEq/L) with electrocardiographic changes?
IV calcium gluconate until electrocardiographic resolution
What does the 'D' component indicate in the ABCDE rule of melanoma?
Diameter greater than 6 mm
What drug should be added to the empirical regimen for bacterial meningitis in a 65-year-old patient to cover Listeria monocytogenes?
Ampicillin 2 g IV every 6 to 8 hours
What clinical manifestation is necessary to suspect a primary Sjögren's syndrome?
Xerophthalmia and xerostomia
What CHADS-VA score indicates the need for oral anticoagulation in a man with atrial fibrillation?
> 1
What is the pathognomonic characteristic of Nephrotic Syndrome?
Proteinuria > 3.5 g in 24 hours.
What is the clinical characteristic that differentiates Pemphigus Vulgaris from Bullous Pemphigoid?
Mucosal involvement and positive Nikolsky sign
What is Duke's major criterion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis?
Echocardiogram with vegetation
What is the most feared and rapidly evolving visceral complication in Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis?
Scleroderma renal crisis
What is the classic triad of symptoms of severe aortic stenosis?
Angina, syncope, and dyspnea.
What is the pathophysiological mechanism of Type 1 (Distal) Renal Tubular Acidosis?
Inability to secrete protons
Which drug is most frequently implicated in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis?
Allopurinol
What is the preferred treatment for a carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) infection with limited susceptibility?
Ceftazide Avibactam
What diagnosis is most likely in a patient with chronic sinusitis, cavitated pulmonary nodules, and positive c-ANCA antibodies?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
What is the definitive initial management for a patient with cardiac tamponade and obstructive shock?
Emergency pericardiocentesis
What is the key finding to differentiate a Thrombotic Microangiopathy (such as HUS) from other causes of kidney failure?
Presence of schistocytes in peripheral blood smears.
What diagnosis should be suspected in cases of erythematous plaques that mimic eczema but are refractory to corticosteroids and show Pautrier microabscesses on biopsy?
Mycosis fungoides