Anatomy & Physiology of a Long Bone
The central shaft of a long bone, made primarily of compact bone
What is the diaphysis?
Bone cells responsible for bone resorption (breaking down bone matrix to release calcium into the bloodstream).
What are osteoclasts?
The structural classification of carpal and tarsal bones.
What are short bones?
The general daily maintenance of bones due to microdamage.
What is bone remodeling?
The metabolic bone disease where osteoclast activity (resorption) exceeds osteoblast activity (deposition).
What is osteoporosis?
The layer of hyaline cartilage located at the ends of long bones that facilitates smooth, frictionless joint movement.
What is articular cartilage?
Bone-forming cells responsible for depositing new bone matrix and storing calcium.
What are osteoblasts?
These are the four types of bones.
What are flat, irregular, long, and short (sesamoid)?
An incomplete fracture common in children where one side of the bone breaks while the other bends.
What is a greenstick fracture?
Joints joined by dense fibrous tissue with no movement, such as skull sutures.
What are fibrous joints?
This internal tissue membrane lines the medullary cavity and contains bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells.
What is the endosteum?
Lighter, porous bone tissue that contains red bone marrow and is composed of a lattice-like network.
What is spongy bone?
The forearm bone located on the lateral (thumb) side.
What is the radius?
The second stage of bone formation in endochondral ossification.
What is the perichondrium being replaced by the periosteum?
The multiaxial joint type that provides the greatest range of motion in the body, such as the hip and shoulder joints.
What is a synovial ball-and-socket joint?
Found at the ends of growing long bones, this band of hyaline cartilage allows for active lengthwise growth before ossifying into a line.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
Mature bone cells in the bone matrix that maintain daily bone tissue health.
What are osteocytes?
The thick inner bone of the lower leg.
What is the tibia?
Osteoblast and Chondroblast purpose during endochondral ossification.
What is osteoblasts build bone at the primary (step 3) and secondary ossification centers (step 5), while chondroblasts produce the hyaline cartilage model (step 2)?
The joint type that allows uniaxial rotation around a central axis, such as the Atlas/Axis connection in the neck.
What is a pivot joint?
These are the functions of the skeletal system. (Name 4 of the 7)
Located in spongy bone, this specialized tissue is the site of hematopoiesis.
What is red bone marrow?
This collection of irregular bones (5 names) make up the structure commonly known as the spine.
What are cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx)?
The four steps of fracture repair.
What are hematoma, soft callus, hard bone callus, and bone remodeling?
This is the disease and process modeled by the bone lab. (Include specific solution)
What is... vinegar models osteoporosis because it removes Calcium from the bone? This shows bone resorption (osteoclast activity) happening faster than bone deposition (osteoblast activity).