Political
Sociology
Sociology
Ultimate authority within a geographical territory, with a monopoly on the use of force within that area. Relies on taxation to function.
What is the state?
The systematic difference in average pay between men and women.
What is the gender pay gap?
Ways societies try to influence members’ behavior to maintain social order. Formal modes include laws and institutions, while informal modes include social norms and reactions.
What is social control?
Characteristic of an individual or group that is seen as inferior or undesirable.
What is stigma?
Actual and perceived exposure to environmental dangers and natural disasters.
What is risk?
The belief that governments should put national interests first through tactics such as closing borders and waging trade wars.
What is nationalism?
Income level below which a family would not be able to afford basic needs such as food and shelter
What is the poverty threshold?
The type of domination in which the powerful obtain the consent or support of the subordinated.
What is hegemony?
Interconnected sequence and timing of socially-defined life events that unfold over a person’s life through their own actions and behaviors.
What is the life course?
Suggests that societies driven by economic expansion are in conflict with nature.
What is the treadmill of production theory?
Efforts to make it more difficult for people to get or exercise the right to vote. A common historical and contemporary issue for Black, Latinx, and Native American voters.
What is voter disenfranchisement?
An economy in which workers collectively own economic organizations and there is little or no private industry.
What is a socialist economy?
A social movement focused on ending police violence against Black people and working against racial injustice generally.
What is the Black Lives Matter Movement?
Set of beliefs and ideologies, and the social structure that they create through policies and institutions, based on the idea that a specific racial group is biologically or culturally superior to other racial groups.
What is structural racism?
View that the dynamic nature of capitalism allows economic growth and related technologies to be directed toward environmental reforms.
What is Ecological modernization theory?
A type of politics in which groups work outside the institutional systems and challenge the very legitimacy of policies, social behaviours, and/or institutions.
What is contentious politics?
In the 1800s, many southern states passed these laws to ban African Americans newly freed from enslavement from entering desirable trades for work. The goal of these laws was to reserve the most desirable occupations for white men.
What were the Black Codes?
The expansion of imprisonment to the highest level in the world, beginning in the 1970s in the United States.
What is mass incarceration?
This policy attempted to increase the number of people with health insurance while decreasing health care costs.
What is the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
Theory focused on the interchange of matter and energy between human societies and the larger environment as economies grow.
what is the metabolic rift perspective?
This theory of the state argues that the state works to advance capitalist interests.
What is the Marxist theory of the state? (Marxist theory is acceptable).
The process by which financial markets, motives, and institutions gain dominant influence over the economy and daily life. It marks a shift from a real economy—where businesses profit by producing physical goods and services—to a system where wealth is primarily generated through financial engineering and trading.
What is financialization?
Theory that the inequality in a society, not just the presence of poverty, predicts how much crime and violence there will be.
What is the theory of relative deprivation?
The physiological wear and tear on the body caused by chronic, daily exposure to systemic oppression, racism, and socioeconomic adversity.
What is weathering?
Sees the society-environment relationship as dynamic, determined by how governments, the market, and civil society interact and how much they prioritize environmental issues.
What is the anthro-shift perspective?