Chapter 1
Who are the Indigenous?
The First People that lived in Canada.
Who was Samuel de Champlain (The man with the plan, explored the river, discovered the land?)
A French explorer, navigator, and cartographer famously known as the "Father of New France."
Explain Mercantilism
A system where the colony sends goods, raw materials, and resources back to the homeland and vice versa to make each other more wealthy.
What is a superpower nation?
A country that is more powerful than almost all other countries
Who is Louis Riel and what did he do?
Louis Riel was a Métis leader and politician He is best known for the creation of Manitoba, and being the leader of the The Red River Resistance and North-West Resistance.
What is a Clan Mother?
A respected female leader in many Indigenous cultures, most notably the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois).
What is the seigneurial system, and what were the roles of seigneurs and habitants?
The main social structure of New France. The King gave land to nobles or seigneurs that found habitants to live on the land. Habitants paid taxes and farmed, and seigneurs built infrastructure on the land.
Who was John Cabot?
Was an Italian navigator and explorer who is the founding father of Newfoundland.
Who are the Norwesters? How were they different from the Hudson’s Bay?
Scottish and English traders from Montreal who formed the Northwest Trading Company. Instead of making people come to their forts, they got voyageurs to go to the First Nations.
In 1670, the King of England (Charles II) granted a _____ to the Hudson’s Bay Company.
Monopoly
What was the role of men and women in the Indigenous society?
Men = Hunted and got most resources for the family.
Women = Prepared the resources and prepared what the men hunted, they also took care of the children.
Who were the poor, orphaned, young women sent by the King to New France to populate it?
Filles du Rois or “The King’s Daughters”
Why was Louisburgh an important colony to own?
It was important because this colony had access to the St.Lawrence River which could export and import goods, it also covered the entrance to New France.
How were the interests of the French and English different during the fur trade?
While the French saw the fur trade as a way to expand and build colonies, the English did not see it this way, the English only cared about trading and getting rich
What happened in 1867 that affected North America?
The British North America Act (BNA)/Confederation
What was the most significant factory in Rupert’s Land?
York Factory.
What was the most significant factory in Rupert’s Land?
York Factory.
Who were the key explorers? Name 2
John Cabot, Samuel de Champlain, Captain John Smith.
Who is Alexander Mackenzie and Why is he so Important to Canadian History?
A Nor’wester who was the first European to cross North America from east to west
What does ‘Culture’ include? Name at least 4 or 5.
Art/drama/music
Food
Additude
Beliefs
Languages
Customs
Rituals
Behavior
Faith/Religion
How many districts did the Mi’kmaq split their land into?
7
Who are the two main explorers that first ‘discovered’ Canada?
John Cabot (representing New England), Jacques Cartier (representing New France)
What was the role of the British government in the settlement of North America?
The government established the 13 colonies, enforced trading rules, and directed expansion to the Royal Proclamation in 1763.
What is the Grand Paix de Montreal?
A peace treaty in 1701 that ended a long, grievous period of war between the Haudenosaunee, the French, and 38 other First Nations. The Haudenosaunee promised to stay neutral in French-British conflicts, use the French governor as a mediator, and respect hunting boundaries.
Explain the Sovereign Council(the role of the intendant, governor, and bishop)
The governor is the highest authority, the personal representative of the King of France. They are in charge of relations and defense. The intendant is the second most important, in charge of daily affairs while the bishop is the head of the church yet also a significant figure in politics.