RENAISSANCE
EUROPE
EUROPE
What is a Worldview?
This term describes a collection of core beliefs, values, and assumptions about life and the universe held by an individual or group.
What are Chinampas?
To grow abundant crops in a swampy environment, Aztec engineers built these artificial, floating gardens.
What are the 3 G's?
Gold, God, Glory
What is an Archipelago?
This geographical term describes Japan’s physical layout, consisting of a vast chain or cluster of thousands of separate islands.
This historic transition marked the ultimate downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and restored direct governing authority to the young Emperor.
The Meji Period / Meji Restoration
This biological catastrophe wiped out over a third of Europe's population, creating labor shortages that allowed surviving peasants to demand higher wages and break the feudal system. What was it?
the Black Death (or Bubonic Plague)
The Aztecs believed this specific action was a holy obligation required to provide structural nourishment to the sun god so the cosmos wouldn't plunge into darkness.
Human Sacrifice
What did the 3 G's represent?
the main motivations driving Spanish conquistadors across the Atlantic Ocean.
This traditional indigenous spiritual belief system in Japan centers on the harmonious worship of nature and showing deep reverence for nature spirits called Kami.
Shinto / Shintoism
Commodore Matthew Perry
This American military figure sailed steam-powered warships into Uraga Harbour in 1853, utilizing gunboat diplomacy to force Japan to open its trading ports.
What is Humanism?
This Renaissance intellectual movement shifted European thought away from exclusive religious dogma to focus heavily on the individual's dignity, reasoning, and potential.
This was the marshy lake bed where the Aztecs witnessed an eagle on a cactus devouring a snake, marking the spot to build their capital city.
Lake Texcoco
What is the Spanish Inquisition?
This state-run Catholic court system was fiercely engineered by Ferdinand and Isabella to hunt down, trial, and execute anyone suspected of religious heresy.
What is a Hereditary position (or Hereditary status)?
This social status in Japan was entirely determined at birth and legally passed down through family lines from parent to child, freezing the social hierarchy.
This term describes the widespread cultural adoption of European and North American habits, dress codes, technical systems, and industrial practices.
Westernization
Invented around 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg, this machine allowed books to be mass-produced cheaply, drastically increasing literacy rates across Europe.
The printing press
These local structural neighborhood or community units based on family history or occupation collected taxes and managed agricultural lands.
Calpolli
This centuries-long military campaign was fought by Christian kingdoms to retake control of the Iberian Peninsula from Islamic Moorish rule.
the Reconquista
Who was the Shogun at the beginning of the Edo period that stopped the constant warfare between Diamyo's?
tokugawa ieyasu
Under the state motto "Civilization and Enlightenment," the Meiji government banned several traditional behaviors offensive to foreigners, including public bathing rituals and this specific practice traditionally done by the indigenous Ainu people. What is an example of this we talked about in class?
Tattooing
Following the labor devastation caused by the Black Death, this socio-economic system—which bound peasants to agricultural manors under strict lords—completely collapsed as surviving commoners demanded mobility and wages.
the Feudal System (or Manorialism)
Although this status was seen as "bad luck" rather than a permanent shame, individuals in this position had legally protected rights, could own property, and could win immediate freedom by escaping a public market and reaching the Emperor’s palace.
Slavery
This official title was given to the royal representative sent directly by the Spanish Crown to replace Hernán Cortés and firmly run the colony of New Spain.
A viceroy
This defense policy, passed by the Shogunate in 1825, commanded all coastal defenses to immediately open fire upon and drive away any approaching foreign vessel.
the "No Second Thought Expulsion Order"
This major 1877 domestic conflict was launched by traditional samurai warriors who violently rebelled against the new Meiji government because they felt their social status, pensions, and military privileges were being dismantled by Westernization.
What was the Satsuma Rebellion?