Statistics
According to self-report studies, what is the range in percent of respondents that admit to having committed at least one criminal offence during their lifetime?
In between 40%-100%
What is the definition of agencies of social control?
Agencies of social control are groups and organizations in society that ensure most people conform to the rules.
BONUS: Give three examples of agencies of social control?
What are the 3 capitalist values?
Materialism, Consumerism, Competition
BONUS: Give an example of something that portrays these values (KUWTK).
What do Marxists focus on in the criminal justice system?
Law enforcement and Police bias
How much more likely are black, working-class boys likely to be suspended in school?
Black, working-class boys are 9x likely to be suspended in school.
What is the definition of consumerism
Consumerism is the desire to purchase the latest consumer goods.
Why do Marxists argue that crime is not a vital function of a capitalist society?
It is a byproduct of a capitalist society and it fuels injustices between social classes
Why do working-class subcultures result in crime?
They stress deviant behaviour– where students try to gain status among peers through vandalism and juvenile delinquency.
BONUS: Which sociologist theorized this?
What do feminists argue as a criticism to Marxism?
Feminists argue that Marxism does not take into account the disparities and conflict between genders in a patriarchal society (focuses on the conflict between social classes).
How much more likely are working-class individuals (incomes below 10,000 pounds) to be victims of domestic violence?
6 times as likely to be a victim of domestic violence.
What is the definition of white-collar crimes?
White-collar crimes are crimes committed by people in relatively high positions.
How does police targeting affect statistics according to Marxists?
Police targeting certain areas - resulted in more crimes in working class and ethnic minority neighbourhoods due to pre-conceived stereotypes
Why are upper-class people underrepresented in prisons?
It is because the bourgeoisie often commit white-collar crime/ corporate crime (hidden/invisible) that go undetected.
Why do some sociologists state there's a reason for more working class being in prisons?
Merton's anomie theory– deviance is due to a culturally defined goal, where the working class don't follow legal means to achieve goals
According to a Home Office report, what is the percentage of robberies that take place in the 3 urban areas (Manchester, London and the West Midlands)?
60%
What is the definition of the class deal?
The Class deal is the offer to females materials rewards that they benefit from by living with a male breadwinner– such as consumer goods.
Why does corporate crime go undetected?
There's little effort are done by governments to keep statistics as it's difficult to prosecute companies as they have lots of money and resources to protect themselves legally and it is hard to pin the blame on just one person or on the whole company to provide punishment.
Fill in the blank:
In the year ending March 2020, __% of people aged 16 and over said they had been the victim of a crime at least once in the last year.
13%
What is the definition of corporate crime?
Corporate crime refers to crime committed by employees on behalf of the organization, which includes offences against consumers and the environment.
Who is the sociologist that argued that some crimes were difficult to discover due to the culprit and what were some examples of the crimes?
Nelken described that the problem with white-collar crimes is identifying the culprit– rather than the offence.
What do Functionalists argue as a criticism to Marxism?
The functionalist argument as a criticism of marxism is that not every criminal law supports the interests of the dominant class. Functionalists say that society is based on valued consensus, rather than capitalist values and conflict.
Functionalists like Merton use his Anomie theory to explain why deviance and crime happen which is due to culturally defined goals– where the working class don't follow legal means to achieve goals because they lack opportunities (Marxist).