Contemporary Political Theories
This thinker claimed that free markets are the guarantee of a real democracy.
Milton Friedman.
True or false. The Phenomenology of the Spirit was written by Marx and Engels.
False.
Was Hegel part of the German Enlightenment?
No.
This philosopher was part of the french Enlightenment.
Rousseau.
Yes.
Which philosopher was the teacher of Plato?
Socrates.
One of the main contributions of this thinker is the thought experiment of the "veil of ignorance".
John Rawls.
True or false. Marx was part of the right-wing hegelians.
False.
True or false. Hegel was part of German idealism.
True.
Kant belonged to which Enlightment period?
German Enlightenment.
Mention one romantic movement.
Aristotle was a disciple of...
Plato.
This theory suggests that communities come first and they ceate individuals, not the other way around.
Communitarianism.
True or false. His first publication was in relation to Hegel's philosphy of right.
True.
What is Hegels conception of universal and historical progress?
That freedom is becoming more accesible for social and cultural institutions.
What's Hobbes conception of the state of nature?
War against everybody. The law of the force.
Mention one artist or thinker from German romanticism.
Wagner, Beethoven, Schiller, Goethe, Fichte.
This philosopher claimed that human nature can be defined as a: zōon politikón [political animal].
Aristotle.
According to libertarianism, should drugs be legal?
Yes.
What's Marx's appropiation of Hegel's master and servant dialectic?
That it is useful to explain economical disparities in the relation between the owners of the means of production and the workers.
What is Hegels conception of work [Arbeit]?
As the rational capability of transforming reality.
This thinker supported republicanism as a form of political organization.
Locke or Kant.
What was the historical period that served as a symbolic inspiration to German romantics?
The Middle age.
According to Machiavelli, what is better for a ruler, to be feared or to be loved?
To be feared.
According to classical liberalism, what is the best way to achieve social equality?
Through taxes.
What was the economical system of classical Sparta and Athens?
Slavery.
Why Hegel claims that dialectics is the proper method for philosophy?
Because it mirrors consciousness and reality.
According to many theorists, this philosopher is one of the precursors of a theory of capitalism.
Locke.
Besides popularity, mention one major trait of populism?
Messianic complex. Propaganda. Comes from within democracies. Control of the mass narrative. Crisis. Fear.
What is political naturalism?
The idea that political institutions stem out of human nature. The criteria for good political institutions is nature.
According to communitarianism, what is "social atomism"?
The idea that individuals appear in a vaccum and they associate entirely free. This creates societes that have no real historical contexts.
What are the main characteristics of capitalism as an economical system?
Capital as form of wealth. The market with the law of supply and demmand.
What is the meanning of the phrase: "All that is rational is real and all that is real is rational"?
That reason and consciousness are the optics by which we conceive reality. Therefore, reality appears always to us under a rational form.
Who are the two exceptions to political naturalism within the context of modern political theories from the XVII century to the XIX century?
Hegel and Marx.
What is the main characteristic of the conception of the economical sphere within totalitarianism?
Protectionism.
In what sense the nature of the soul and the city are related for Plato?
According to communitarianism, why they describe justice as a series of spheres? What does this have to do with justice?
Because individuals are a collection of spheres. If justice is distributed among spheres, individuals will access that initial distribution.
What is the main purpose of neo marxism?
A critique of culture and ideology.
What's Hegels appreciation of christianism? What's the controversial aspect of his considerations on christianity?
He accepts the cultural relevance of christianism. However, it is never clear if he was an actual believer in God. It seems to suggest that there will be a sublation of christianity in history.
The most controversial aspect of this philosopher political conception of progress is that it seems to legitimate invasion or imperialism.
Hobbes or Kant.
Was Carl Schmitt submitted to the Nürenberg trails?
No.
According to Aristotle, what is the main purpose of politics?
The common good: happyness and virtuousness.
According to communitarianism, from which philosopher they take the notion of ethical life [Sittlichkeit] and what does this mean?
From Hegel. Social practices are contextual. History and culture constitute the foundations of social and political justice.
According to Marx, what's the problem of alienation?
That ir deprives the worker from the economical freedom and the object he or she produces. The object belongs to owner of the means of production, not the worker.
What was Hegels critique against political naturalism?
Nature is not a criteria for morality or politics. Social and cultural institutions are conventional and historical. There has not been any moment in human history that had a natural state.
What was Hobbes conception of America? Was the conquest wrong?
It had no civilization, therefore it was under the dominion of the state of nature. There was no conquest, because there were no States to begin with.
What's Schmitt's main criticism against liberal democracies?
A State that destroys itself. Government branches limit the power of the State.
What is the main problem of the ideal platonic city in relation to the public and private spheres?
It confuses them. What is private is dominion of public (political) sphere.