Q 1 - 6
Which example illustrates relocation diffusion?
a. Colonial settlers spreading English and French to new lands
b. Celebrities popularizing luxury fashion among the public
c. McDonald's removing beef from its menus in India
d. Social media users adopting a viral dance trend
A.
Relocation diffusion needs the physical movement of people who carry their cultural traits with them.
Colonial settlers carrying English to new continents is the text book case.
What historical process exemplifies colonialism driven cultural diffusion?
a. British military control of colonial India
b. Indigenous materials adopted by settler homes
c. trans-Saharan trade routes supporting Mali
d. The Spread of printing technology to Europe
A.
Colonialism means political control of another nation, settlement by colonists, and economic exploitation. British rule in India fits the pattern and brought sweeping cultural diffusion.
The bleeding of Indigenous traditions with Latin American Catholicism BEST exemplifies
a. Religious syncretism
b. Maladaptive diffusion
c. Cultural assimilation
d. Lagging diffusion
A.
Syncretism combines different relgious or philosophical systems into a unified practice. Merging Indigenous spirituality with Catholic ritual in Latin America fits the pattern exactly.
Latin American music combining African rhythms with Spanish melodies BEST exemplifies
a. Assimilation
b. Cultural appropriation
c. Transculturation
d. Lagging diffusion
C.
Transculturation happens when cultures interact and blend to produce new hybrid forms. African rhythmic traditions fusing with Spanish melodic traditions to create Latin American genres is a classic case.
What does sequent occupancy describe?
a. Several cultures occupy a place over time, leaving traces
b. Rival empires continually exchange control over adjacent
c. Authorities segregate cultural groups within one city
d. Migrants bring new cultural elements to a region
A.
Sequent occupancy is the way successive cultures inhabit the same place, each leaving cultural marks.
Mexico City, with Aztec, Spanish Colonial, and modern features overlapping is a textbook example.
Expansion diffusion spreads cultural traits
a. Into environments in which they cannot succeed
b. Through the physical movement of carriers
c. Outward from a central hearth
d. After long delays between introduction and use
C.
Expansion diffusion radiates a cultural element outward from its hearth. More and more places adopt the traits withoit the originators themselves moving.
How does imperialism differ from colonialism?
a. Imperialism requires the partition of territory among powers
b. Imperialism onvolves peaceful exchange through trade
c. Imperialism extends power with out necessarily settling colonists
d. Imperialsim applies to economic exploition of resources
C.
Imperialism is the broader practice of extending national power through diplomacy or military force. Colonialism specifically involves setling a territory with colonists and exploiting its economy.
What is cultural assimilation?
a. Two cultures blend produce a new hybrid identity
b. Carriers physically move a culture to a new place
c. A dominant nation imposes its language on a smaller society
d. Minorities adopt the customes of a dominant host culture
D.
Cultural assimilation is when a minority group takes on the customs and behaviors of the dominant host culture, often at the cost of its own identity. Adopting common names in a new country is a familiar example.
Which of the following statements about urban and rural cultural exchange is the MOST accurate?
a. Cities tend to push immigrants into rapid assimilation
b. Multiculturalism mostly fades after the second generation
c. Rurual areas import diversity through migrant workers
d. Urban spaces foster more multiculturalism than rural ones
D.
Cities concentrate diverse populations, so they tendto support multiculturalism more readily than rural areas, where the cultural and eethnic mix is usually narrower.
Folk cultures and pop culture differ primarily in that folk culture
a. Appears in rural communities while pop culture appears in cities
b. Preserves local features while pop culture sread global trends
c. Shapes elite values whole pop culture shapes mass habits
d. Spreads through relgious institutions while pop culture spreads commercially
B.
Folk traditions stay anchored to particular places and keep a disinct character. Pop culture diffuses widely and tends to make different places feel interchangeable.
An overnight viral dance trend on social media BEST illustrates
a. Stimulus diffusion
b. Relocation diffusion
c. Contagious diffusion
d. Hierarchical diffusion
C.
Contagious diffusion is the rapid, person-to-person spread of a cultural trait. A dance trend going from user to user across social media matches that mechanism exactly.
Which conflict was a native response to imperialist rule?
a. The Syrian refugee crisis
b. The trans-Saharan trade wars
c. The Partition of India
d. The Boxer rebellion
D.
The Boxer Rebellion, along with events like the Boer War and the Philippine-American War, arose as native populations pushed back against coercive foreign influence on their cultures.
Lagging diffusion occurs when
a. A trait reaches a region unsuited for it
b. Two cultures merge into a hybrid form
c. A dominant culture suppresses a minority culture
d. A delay separates a trait's introduction from its adoption
D.
Lagging diffusion is the gap in time between when a new cultural element first appears and when it becomes broadly adopted. The slow path of persosnal computers into daily life is a good example.
The global spread of American fast-food chains BEST exemplifies the phenomenon of
a. Multiculturism
b. Stimulus diffusion
c. Creolization
d. Cultural imperialism
D.
Cultural imperialism imposes a dominant nation's culture, values, or language on a less influential society. United States fast-food chains pushing aside traditional cuisines around the world fits the pattern.
What are the two main categories of cultural diffusion?
a. Imperialism and colonialism
b. Centripetal and crentrifugal forces
c. Syncretism and creolization
d. Relocation and expansion
D.
Cultural diffusion splits into relocation, which depends on the physical movement of people, and expansion, in which a trait raditaes outward from a hearth.
McDonalds's serving chicken instead of beed in India exemplifies
a. Lagging diffusion
b. Hierarchical diffusion
c. Stimulus diffusion
d. Contagious diffusion
C.
Stimulus diffusion happens when the underlying idea moves to a new culture but tales a modifed form. A global chain reshaping its menu to fit local dietary norms is exactly that.
Trade through the trans-Saharan routes drove cultural diffusion mainly by
a. Bringing wealth that fueled kingdoms like Mali
b. Forcing migrations of enslaved Africans cross the Atlantic
c. Spreadinf Christianity from Europe to Asia
d. Transmitting printing technology from China to Europe
A.
Trans-Saharan trade enriched West African kingdoms by moving goods and ideas across the desert. The wealth sustained powers like Mali and helped culture spread along the route.
What does accumulation describe?
a. People partly adopt a culture and keep their own
b. Ethnic neighborhoods stay apart from the host culture
c. A nation imposes its language in another society
d. Two cultures merge into a new hybrid identity
A.
Accumulation is when people take on selected features of a dominant culture, like immigrants joining new national holidays, while still keeping some of their original traditions.
A tattoo artist refusing to ink Polynesian tribal designs on outsiders is avoiding
a. Lagging diffusion
b. Cultural approprition
c. Cultural relativism
d. Transculturation
B.
Refusing to apply sacred designs to people outside the originating culture is meant to prevent cultural appropriation, in which a dominant group adopts symbols stripped of their cultural significance.
What are the three categories of expansion diffusion?
a. Colonial, imperial, and migratory
b. Hierarchical, stimulus, and contagious
c. Centripetal, centrifugal, and sequent
d. Relocation, syncretic, and maladaptive
B.
Expansion diffusion comes in three forms: hierarchical, stimulus, and contagious.
Which types of diffusion does planting water-hungry lawns in arid suburbs illustrate?
a. Stimulus diffusion
b. Cintagious diffusion
c. Expansion diffusion
d. Maladaptive diffusion
The diffusion S curve over time shows a(n)
a. Constant rate of adoption across phases
b. Immediate spike and steady plateau
c. Slow start, rapid growth, then leveling off
d. Inverted curve beginning high and declining
D.
Maladaptive diffusion happens when a cultural trait spreads into an environment where it is impractical or harmful. Grass lawns in dry climates squander scarce water.
C.
The diffusion S curve has three phases: a slow uptake, a stretch of rapid growth, and a leveling off once most potential adopters have been reached.
TWO QUESTIONS
The conquests of Alexander the Great allowed
a. Roman numerals to spread acros continental Europe
b. Latin script to displace Greek across the Mediterranean
c. Greel culture to spread into Egypt and India
d. trans-Saharan trade routes to extend into West Africa
What happens during creolization?
a. Cultures interact and merge into new hybrid forms
b. Elites pass a cultural trait down to the public
c. One culture replaces a minority's distinct identity
d. A trait spreads to region unsuited for it
C.
Alexander's military campaigns carried Hellenic culture far beyond Grrece. Greek language , art, and philosophy took root across Eqypt and into parts of India.
A.
Creolization produces genuinely new hybrid cultures from sustained contact among diverse groups. Fused languages like Haitian Creole and Paiamentu are clear examples.
TWO QUESTIONS
Compared with acculturation, assimilation
a. Blends two cultures into a single new identity
b. Modifies traits as they cross between cultures
c. Absorbs minority traits into the majority culture
d. Needs the physical relocation of carriers
Which food metaphor MOST often applies to multiculturism?
a. Melting pot
b. Blending soup
c. Salad bowl
d. Seasoned popcorn
C.
Assimilation pulls minority traits into the dominant culture so that the distinct features fade. Acculturation, by contrast, lets immigrants keep parts of their original identity while adopting some host-culture elements.
C.
Multiculturalism keeps distinct cultural or ethnic groups visible alongside one another in the same society, like the ingredients of a salad staying identifiable rather than melting together.
TWO QUESTIONS
Glibal pressures usually
a. Affect cities but bypass rural areas
b. Bring more cultural exchange and change
c. fragment a region into competing enclaves
d. concentrate change in major urban centers
Which pair correctly matches a centrifugal force with a centripetal force?
a. Social instability as a centrifugal; shared language as centripetal
b. Diffusion as centrifugal; assimilation tension as centripetal
c. Ethnic enclaves as centrifugal; ethnic tension as centripetal
d. Shared language as centrifugal; social instability as centrifugal
B.
Heavier global pressure on a regioon usually increases its exposure to outside cultures. That exposure accelerates the transformations that come with cultural interaction and exchange.
A.
Centrifugal forces like social instability pull a state apart. Centripetal forces like a shared language hold it together. The pairing of instability with shared language matches the two categories correctly.
TWO QUESTIONS
What MOST often happens to a marginalized culture under a dominant one?
a. Its traits gain global popularity through diffusion
b. Its traits inspire a revival of folk traditions
c. Its traits fade to match the dominant culture
d. Its traits split into folk and pop forms
A culture's general attitude toward other ways of life is BEST classified as either
a. Expansionist or contractionist
b. Ethnocentric or relativistic
c. Syncretic or assimilationist
d. Centripetal or centrifugal
C.
When a dominant culture exerts pressure on a marginalized one, the marginalized culture's traits often fade or shift to look more like the dominant culture, especially under sustained economic and political influence
B.
Ethnocentrism judges other cultures through one's own cultural lens. Cultural relativism apporaches another culture on its own terms. The contrast shapes how a society responds to outside influence.