Chapter 4
A member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting
Hunter-gatherer
In the middle ages, the earth centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe. What theory is this called?
Geocentric
He believed that by better understanding the world, scientists would generate practical knowledge that would improve people's lives. Instead of reasoning from abstract theories, he urged scientists to experiment and then draw conclusions.
Francis Bacon
He invented the printing press in 1452 and because of this he forever changed the lives of people in Europe and, eventually, all over the world.
Johannes Gutenberg
a complete trust in knowledge based on belief rather than observable evidence.
Faith
Which timeline is between 3000 BC and 476 AD
The theory that knowledge can and should be gained from sensory observation through the use of experimentation.
Empiricism
Fill in the blank. "In 1543, a physician named ______ ______ published On the Structure of the Human Body, the first accurate and detailed study of human anatomy."
HintHe proved Galen’s theory that the human anatomy was similar to that of animals was wrong.
Andreas Vesalius
believing something contrary to official Church teachings
Heresy
The ______ _____ started involved the study of the natural world through careful observation and questioning of accepted ideas or traditional knowledge.
Scientific Revolution
A skilled worker, such as a weaver or a potter, who makes goods by hand. People who develop skills in areas that would improve people's lives.
Artisan
Understanding of the world and their place in it
Worldview
A Polish astronomer who challenged the heliocentric theory. He claimed the Earth and other planets revolved around the Sun.
Nicolaus Copernicus
developed as the idea that people were entitled to seek their own fulfillment outside the needs of the community
Individualism
Why were these voyages significant? How did they influence the worldview of Western Europeans?
{Give ONE Point}
Proved the Earth was round and not flat because it could be circumnavigated.
Continued to question accepted knowledge at the time because the world was proven to be larger than anyone had thought.
Opened communication between Europeans and groups of people they did not know existed (e.g., Aboriginals in North and South America, people of what is now India, etc.), which resulted in the sharing of ideas and culture, and the creation of new settlements for their respective empires.
An agricultural village in south-central Turkey, discovered in 1958, which peaked around 8 000 years ago. At that time, it was home to between 5 000 and 6 000 people, making it one of the largest permanent settlements in the area.
Catal Huyuk
A logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world in which experimentation and observation are used to test hypotheses
Scientific Method
Fill in the blank.
"The 15th century saw an increase in global exploration by Western Europeans – these exploratory travels were called the _______ __ ______"
Voyages of discovery
He “discovered” the New World(the Americas) in 1492. He was a Genoese sea captain who sailed from Spain in 1492 across the Atlantic, hoping to find a new trade route to Asia
Christopher Columbus
What was one of the main reasons the printing press influenced the Scientific Revolution
a greater availability of books
increased literacy rates
rediscovery of knowledge and spreading of discoveries
published legal proceedings that led to an increased understanding of rights
some publications challenging religious authority
From this example " Around 3,000 BC, the Sumerians developed cuneiform, one of the world's first writing systems. They used cuneiform tablets to record business transactions, historical events, customs, and traditions. One famous example is The Epic of Gilgamesh, which was written in cuneiform and dates back to around 2100 BC. " Which characteristic of a civilization does this show
Record Keeping
These new branches of Christianity would develop when groups began to question the policies and actions of the Catholic Church in late Middle Ages. They would establish their own Christian churches. 16th Century
Protestant Reformation
He was a monk, who taught theology (the study of religion and God) at the university in Wittenberg, in Germany.
He spent his adult life studying the Bible. He came to the conclusion that Christians should live by Scripture (what is written in the Bible) and not the policies and practices of the Catholic Church.a
Martin Luther
One of the earliest human cities, in Sumer (In what is now southern Iraq), flourishing around 3 000 B.C., in the early Bronze Age.
Ur
Five characteristics of a civilizations. State ONE
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