Chapter 1
Macro vs Micro View
Miro- extremely small; detailed
Macro- Large Scale; Big Picture
What is Natural Culture?
Normal behaviour that is learned through social interactions
What are the 3 Groups for Socialization?
Family, School, Peers
What are the 3 General Stratification Systems?
Class, caste, Slavery
Examples of Men vs Women Gender Role Expectations
Men-must be “successful”, stoic, not vulnerable or emotional
Women-mothering, multi-tasking, beautiful / attractive, household roles
What are Social Norms?
A generally accepted way of thinking, feeling, or behaving that is endorsed and expected because it is perceived as the right and proper thing to do.
Formal Norms vs Informal Norms
Formal cultural norms are written down, and are very specific as to expectations.
Informal norms are “generally” understood, but are not written down or recorded.
What is Impression Management?
The altering of the presentation of the self to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences.
What is the One-Drop Rule
If a person had even a single drop of “black blood”, that person was to be defined and viewed as black, even if they appeared to physically be white.
What are Visible Minorities?
Refers to a group of people who are non-white or are identifiable as physically different from the makeup of the dominant group.
Functionalist
Conflict
Interactionist
Feminist
Why is Multiculturalism Important?
Fosters a society where people from all backgrounds feel a sense of belonging and attachment
List and Define Symbolic Interactionism
Play Stage- through imitation
Game Stage- through observation of others and acting in their own role
Generalized Other- Understanding a role in events and being shaped by surroundings
Race vs Ethnicity
Race- Perceived physical differences.
Ethnicity- Perceived cultural differences.
Explain the Caste System
Hereditary system of rank, usually dictated by religion; Tend to be a fixed and immobile system; Membership is an ascribed status, and expectations are clearly defined
Feminism- focuses on how gender has shaped societies and the world around us; questions equality and inclusion
Conflict- There is always a negotiation or power struggle for one group over the other
Explain Mosaic vs Melting Pot
Mosaic- each different group of people & ethnicities is represented by a smaller tile that makes up a cohesive whole
Melting Pot- model of assimilation, where people from all backgrounds are welcome to come, but they become more like each other rather than remaining as distinct groups.
Explain the 4 Stages of Role Exit?
Doubt : experiencing frustration, burnout, or general unhappiness within current social role.
Search for Alternatives : looking for a solution. This could be taking a leave of absence from work or even a trial separation (in relationships)
Departure : identifying a final turning point that makes a person take action.
Creating a New Identity : leaving behind one in favour of another (new) role.
Explain the Pink Tax
A pricing discrepancy; Products marketed for women which are significantly more expensive than their nearly identical counterpart (men)
Explain the Class System
A social ranking based primarily on economic position
Explain the Interactionist and Functionalist Perspectives
Interactionist- Based on day-to-day interactions of people and how they experience the world around them.
Functionalist- Functionalist theory focuses on what a society needs to remain stable and function efficiently.
List and Define the 4 Elements of Culture
Language- an abstract system of words, meanings, and symbols of all aspects of culture.
Norms- established standards of behaviour maintained by a society.
Sanctions- penalties or rewards for conduct which concerns a social norm.
Values- Collective consensus of what is considered good, desirable, proper, etc.
Roles, Habits, Age, Mass Media, Workplace, The State, Family, School, Peers
Explain the Glass Ceiling
A perceived, unofficially acknowledged barrier to advancement in any profession
Vertical vs Horizontal Mobility
Horizontal- When a person moves from one position to another of the same social rank
Vertical- When a person moves to a social position of higher or lower rank