Introduction to Sociology
What is sociology?
The study of society and human social behavior.
What is material culture?
Physical objects people create and use.
What is deviance?
Behavior that violates social norms.
What is an ascribed status?
A social position assigned at birth.
What does “nature” refer to in sociology?
Genetics and heredity.
What is sociological imagination?
Connecting personal experiences to larger social issues.
What is nonmaterial culture?
Beliefs, values, language, and norms.
What is social control?
Methods society uses to encourage conformity.
What is an achieved status?
A social position earned through effort.
What does “nurture” refer to in sociology?
Name one agent of socialization.
Name one sociological research method?
Surveys, experiments, observation, interviews, etc.
What are folkways?
Norms for routine behavior.
What does it mean to internalize a norm?
To accept a norm as part of your own behavior.
What is role conflict?
Conflict between two or more social roles.
What are sanctions?
Rewards or punishments used to enforce norms.
Which sociologist believed society worked like a living organism?
Herbert Spencer
What are mores?
Strongly held norms with moral importance.
What does it mean to internalize a norm?
Accepting a norm as part of yourself.
What is role strain?
Stress within one role.
Who was Genie?
A neglected child studied for socialization effects.
Who is considered the father of sociology?
Auguste Comte
What is cultural relativism?
Judging cultures by their own standards.
Name one theory explaining deviance.
Functionalist, conflict, or interactionist theory.
What is Weber’s model of bureaucracy?
A formal organization with rules and hierarchy.
Name one of Piaget’s stages of development.
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, or formal operational.