What is Sociology?
social science that studies human society and behavior
sociology
Looking at social life in a scientific, systematic way, rather than depending on common sense
sociological perspective
Who is considered the father of sociology?
Aguste Compte
All the shared products of human groups (physical objects + beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group)
Culture
Common features that are found in all human cultures
cultural universals
How people relate to each other and influence other's behavior
social interaction
Sociology became a social science in the late _______________
1800s
Name one other noteworthy scholar of sociology
Harriet Martinet
Karl Marx
Max Weber
Herbert Spencer
Emile Durkheim
WEB DuBois
Jane Addams
Physical objects created by human groups
material culture
The unique cultural characteristics of certain groups within a society form __________________
subcultures
Observable facts or events that involve human society
social phenomena
What historical event triggered the creation of sociology?
Industrial Revolution
Perspective that focuses on the forces of society that promote competition and change. Often involve power struggles
Conflict
Abstract human creations such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic systems
non-material culture
Subcultures whose main goal is to challenge larger societal expectations are called ______________
countercultures
Sociologists tend to focus on ________ rather than _________
groups, individuals
List one impact that the rapid growth of urban populations had on society
LESS JOBS
HOUSING SHORTAGES
INCREASED CRIME
POLLUTION
Sociological perspective that focuses on society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system.
Functionalist
List three of the five components of culture
Technology
Symbols
Values
Norms
Language
Belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards
Cultural Relativism
List one country that is attributed as being one of the birthplaces of sociology
France
Germany
Britain
As a result of the Industrial Revolution, many philosophers and future sociologists realized that science could no longer ignore the impact of __________ on the _____________
society, individual
Perspective that focuses on how individuals interact with one another in society
Interactionist
Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have a great moral significance attached to them.
Outline common customs of everyday life
Folkways
Process of spreading cultural traits from one society to another
cultural diffusion