Culture
This includes the physical objects a society creates and uses.
Material Culture
A status that is assigned at birth or given involuntarily.
ascribed status
Behavior that violates social norms.
Deviance
Sociologists argue that culture acts as a guide for behavior by providing shared expectations for members of society.
norms
A role is what you "do" and a status is?
What you are
Judging another culture using the standards of your own culture.
ethenocentrism
A person, group, or institution that teaches individuals the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors of their society.
Agent of socialization
Rewards used to encourage conformity
positive sanctions
A student cuts to the front of the lunch line and receives angry looks from classmates.
informal sanction
A researcher studies how handshakes, eye contact, and body language create meaning during everyday interactions.
Symbolic Interactionism
Believing that another culture is superior to all others is an example of this.
xenocentrism
The process of learning new norms and values after abandoning old ones is called:
resocialization
Punishments are used to discourage undesirable behavior.
negative sanctions
A behavior is viewed as so offensive that most people refuse even to discuss it openly.
Taboo
A sociologist argues that wealthy groups have more influence over laws and social institutions than poorer groups.
Conflict Theory
A sociologist studying how cultural rules maintain stability in society is using this theoretical perspective.
functionalism
The status that is most important in shaping how others see a person.
master status
Crimes committed by people of high social status during the course of their work.
white-collar crime
Respecting teachers is considered important, while raising your hand before speaking is expected. Answer: Which is the value and which is the norm?
Respect is the value; raising your hand is the norm.
A sociologist believes crime serves a purpose by showing society which behaviors are unacceptable and reinforcing shared values.
Functionalism
A student moves to a new country and gradually adopts the customs, language, and behaviors of the new society while still maintaining parts of their original culture. What sociological process is taking place?
acculturation
Maria is an honors student, but lately she has three major tests, a group project, soccer practice every day, and responsibilities at home. She wants to do well in all of these areas but feels overwhelmed trying to meet all the expectations of being a student.
role strain
A school relies heavily on suspensions, expulsions, and police involvement for student misbehavior. Sociologists argue that these practices may increase the likelihood that some students enter the criminal justice system. What is this process called?
school-to-prison pipeline
The process of different cultures, ideas, and groups blending together while still keeping parts of their unique identities.
Cultural Intergration
A student wants to attend college and earn a high-paying career, but their family cannot afford tutoring, test prep, or college visits. Feeling that the traditional path to success is blocked, the student begins selling stolen test answers to make money and get ahead. Which sociological theory best explains this behavior?
Strain Theory