The Sun and Origins
This diagram classifies stars with a horizontal axis of temperature and a vertical axis of brightness.
What is the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
[The Sun; slide 3]
Kepler's Laws of planetary motion include 3 laws: an orbiting body will have the sun at one focus of an ellipse, the radius vector from the sun to an orbiting body will sweep out equal areas in equal time, and this third law.
What is the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis?
[Dynamics I, slide 18]
These are the fun short terms to remember the 3 laws of thermodynamics.
What is
1. You can't win
2. You can't break even
3. You can't leave the game
[Thermodynamics, slide 28]
This radius defines the inner limit of where a moon can be, where inside of it, the tidal forces on the moon pull exceed the hydrostatic equilibrium.
What is the Roche limit?
[Moons, slide 7]
This parameter is used to determine if two asteroids are the same.
What is Tisserand's parameter?
[Minor bodies, slide 9]
This optical effect leads to the middle of a star appearing brighter, and the edges appearing darker.
What is limb darkening?
[The Sun; slide 11]
These terms describe motion that is due to initial conditions, and motion that is due to perturbations.
What is free and forced?
[Dynamics II, slide 11]
This type of albedo is defined across the entire incoming wavelength range.
What is Bond Albedo?
[Thermodynamics, slide 37]
This radius defines the outer limit of where a moon can be, where within it, the planet's gravity exceeds the pull of the sun.
What is the Hill radius?
[Moons, slide 8]
Comets have these two tails, of this color and made of this substance.
What are yellow dust tails and blue ion tails?
[Minor bodies, slide 49]
Viewing the sun in ultraviolet light allows these layers to be seen clearly.
What is the corona and the upper chromosphere?
[The Sun, slide 26]
A good reason to use these equations is that the variables have clear geometric meaning.
What are Lagrange equations?
[Dynamics II, slide 8]
This is the assumption when calculating the equilibrium temperature of a planet.
What is that the planet is a fast rotator or has a substantial atmosphere.
[Thermodynamics, slide 43]
The brighter and darker areas of the moon have these terms, respectively.
What are terrae/highlands and maria?
[Moons, slide 14]
This type of asteroid is made of stone and is found in the inner-central asteroid belt.
What is S type?
[Minor bodies old, slide 15]
The sun is classified as this type of star based on its spectral type and luminosity.
What is G2V?
[The Sun, slide 3]
This type of migration occurs when the outside of a spiral density wave applies a torque on a planet, thereby decreasing the angular momentum and causing it to move towards the Sun.
What is Type I migration?
[Dynamics II, slide 30]
This is the name of the larger of Mars' moons that is within the Roche limit.
What is Phobos?
[Moons, slide 9]
This resonance is stable and is where Trojan asteroids live.
What is 1:1?
[Minor bodies, slide 10]
These are the 6 steps of solar system formation.
What is...
1. Dark cloud
2. Gravitational collapse
3. Protostar
4. T Tauri star
5. Pre-main sequence star
6. Young stellar system
[Origins; slide 13]
This is the classic process of how planetesimals form.
What is...
1. Disk particles settle at midplane due to gravity of the sun and aerodynamic drag.
2. Collisions create larger bodies.
3. Growth continues through runaway and oligarch growth.
[Dynamics II, slide 27]
These moons of Jupiter are locked in a 4:2:1 resonance.
What are Ganymede, Io, and Europa?
[Moons, slide 24]
What is D Type?
[Minor bodies old, slide 15]