Vocabulary 1
occurs when the Earth, moon, and sun are in a straight line.The sun appears to be completely blocked except for a bright halo of light.
Total Solar Eclipse
a division of the year that is characterized by recurring weather conditions, and determined by both Earth's tilt relative to the sun and Earth's position in its orbit around the sun
Season
I am considered Earth's sister planet based on size and location
Venus
Modeling the solar system is difficult because of
Scale and perspective
____________________ proposed the nebular hypothesis of the solar system as a cloud of dust and gas that formed the sun and planets, now known as the solar nebula. Suggested that attractive forces between particles cause them to collide, form larger clumps → increasing gravitational field strength, and attracting even more particles.
Kant
when the moon is farther away from Earth in its orbit. The sun’s outer edges are seen as a ring of light around the darker center.
Annular Solar Eclipse
an event in which the shadow of one celestial body falls on another
Eclipse
I am considered one of the brightest objects in the sky next to the sun and the moon
Venus
The sun is an average-sized star but is large enough to contain _________ Earth-sized planets.
1.3 million
_____________________ used mathematics to refine the nebular hypothesis. Forming in a cloud of dust and gas, the sun cooled and compacted, causing it to rotate more quickly. (Rotational speed increases as mass moves toward the center.)Dust and gas moved away,while the sun's gravity pulled matter toward the sun. The constant push/pull forms what is known as protoplanetary disks.
LaPlace
occurs when the moon passes through only the Earth's penumbra.
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
the change in the sunlit area of one celestial body as seen from another celestial body
Phase
I have the largest volcano in the solar system referred to as Olympus Mons
Mars
I have a diameter of 49,528km and a density of 1.6 g/cm3
Neptune
_____________________ was the first person known to use a telescope to observe the stars and planets. He supported the idea that Earth is not the center of the universe—planets circle the sun. He also discovered that Jupiter is a planet circled by four moons and thought that the way the moons orbited Jupiter was similar to the way planets orbit the sun.
Galileo
Earth is in the penumbra, the moon only blocks part of the sun’s light.
Partial Solar Eclipse
the two days of the year when Earth’s axis is tilted directly toward or away from the sun
Solstice
I have no water or atmosphere
Mercury
I have a diameter of 6,792 km and a density of 3.9 g/cm3
Mars
_____________________ published a theory in 1687 that all matter in the universe attracts all other matter through a force called gravity that explained the motion of the planets around the sun. Gravity is an attractive force keeping objects in orbit.
Newton
occurs when the whole moon passes through only the Earth's umbra.
Total Lunar Eclipse
tide occurs when the sun is at right angles to the line between Earth and the moon.
Neap Tide
The order of the planets is what?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
True or False: The sun is made up of hydrogen, helium, cobalt, carbon, and lithium.
False; cobalt and lithium should be changed to oxygen and iron
Telescopes were invented in the _________ allowing astronomers a clearer and deeper view of the solar system.
17th century