Clinical Stratification
The age criteria that count as a positive CVD risk factor for men and women
What is Men 45+ years of age and Women 55+ years of age?
The specific clinical criteria for stopping an exercise stress test in a senior adult regarding blood pressure response.
What is a drop in Systolic Blood Pressure >10 mmHg from baseline despite an increase in workload?
The recommended frequency, exercise duration, and progression for balance and proprioceptive training in older adults
What is 2 to 3 days per week, performing static/dynamic balance exercises (e.g., tandem stance, single-leg stance) progressing up to 30 seconds per posture (eyes open and closed)?
Exercise stress testing generally avoided in adults aged 75+
Functional performance batteries assess activities of daily living (ADLs) without exposing frail seniors to excessive cardiovascular strain or fall risks
What lipid parameter qualifies as a negative risk factor that allows subtracting 1 risk factor from the total sum
What is High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL
The initial aerobic exercise duration and interval structure recommended when starting cardiovascular training in clients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).
What is 10 to 20 minutes total, composed of 2 to 6 minutes of exercise intervals followed by 1 to 2 minutes of rest?
The maximum recommended daily entertainment screen time limit for children aged 6–19 years
What is less than 2 hours per day?
Why must clients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) or Hypertension avoid isometric muscle contractions and the Valsalva maneuver during resistance training
What is isometric contractions and holding one's breath (Valsalva maneuver) cause acute spikes in blood pressure and intrathoracic pressure, dramatically increasing left ventricular cardiac workload
Two specific exercise safety precautions required when prescribing resistance training to clients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) or severe Hypertension
What are avoiding isometric muscle contractions and avoiding the Valsalva maneuver (holding breath during exertion)?
The clinical term for severe shortness of breath that awakens a patient from sleep 2 to 5 hours after falling asleep, indicative of left ventricular heart failure.
What is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)?
The daily recommended screen time for children less than 18 months.
What is 0 minutes per day?
The estimated absolute annual incidence of exercise-related Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in young competitive athletes
What is 1 per 130,000 to 200,000 in men (and significantly lower in women)?
The performance test battery used to evaluate physical function in older adults aged ≥75 years or frail seniors when standard clinical exercise stress testing is not indicated.
6 minute walk test (6MWT)
According to the risk stratification criteria, what Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) percentage automatically classifies a cardiac patient as High Risk?
A Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction less than 40%
The vascular disorder characterized by lower extremity leg cramping or unusual fatigue during exertion caused by peripheral arterial atherosclerosis.
What is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) / Intermittent Claudication?
Name four clinical signs of dehydration commonly observed in senior adults
What are fatigue, confusion, dry lips, sunken eyes, elevated body temperature, decreased blood pressure, or constipation?
Three essential elements that must be established in a facility's Emergency Action Plan (EAP) to manage exercise-related cardiac events
What are: 1) Staff trained in CPR and emergency cardiac care, 2) A written response plan with designated roles, and 3) On-site resuscitation equipment including an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)?
1) Body Composition (BMI or skinfold thickness), 2) Cardiorespiratory Fitness (1-mile walk/run or PACER), 3) Muscular Fitness (curl-up test and pull-up/push-up tests), and 4) Flexibility (sit-and-reach test)
What are the four physical health components assessed in the youth FITNESSGRAM test battery?
Differentiate the clinical presentation of ischemic chest pain versus non-ischemic chest pain regarding character and provoking factors
What is Ischemic pain is squeezing, constricting, or heavy, located substernally/radiating to arm/jaw, provoked by exertion/stress; Non-ischemic pain is sharp, knifelike, or stabbing, aggravated by respiration or specific body motions?
Central nervous system symptoms such as dizziness, incoordination (ataxia), or loss of consciousness
What is mandated immediate termination of an exercise stress test in older or clinical adults
Three specific modifications required when designing an exercise program for a frail senior adult
What are: 1) Splitting workouts into two short 15-minute sessions (morning and evening), 2) Utilizing seated exercises or sit-to-stand movements, and 3) Using body weight or manual resistance applied by the trainer?
Name five mandatory structural sections required in a legal Informed Consent document for exercise testing
What are: 1) Purpose & explanation of tests, 2) Attendant risks & discomforts, 3) Responsibilities of participant, 4) Expected benefits, and 5) Inquiries/Use of medical records/Freedom of consent?
Distinguish the five Health-Related Fitness Components from the six Skill-Related Fitness Components
What are Health-Related: Cardiorespiratory endurance, Body composition, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility; Skill-Related: Agility, Coordination, Balance, Power, Reaction time, Speed?