Origin
spinous process cervical/thoracic/lumbar
spinalis origin
transverse process, mastoid process, ribs (various)
longissimus insertion
rotation of cervical spine and head, cervical flexion
scalenes action
spinal accessory nerve
sternocleidomastoid innervation
erector spinae
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
posterior iliac crest
quadratus lumborum origin
lower three ribs/abdominal aponeurosis
internal oblique insertion
primary extend spine, ipsilateral lateral flexion
iliocostalis action
cervical ventral rami
scalenes innervation
transversospinalis
multifidus, rotatores (longus and brevis), semispinalis capitis
iliac crest
transversus abdominus origin
mastoid process
sternocleidomastoid insertion
extend cervical/thoracic spine, ipsilateral lateral flexion cervical/thoracic, contralateral rotation cervical/thoracic
semispinalis capitis action
lateral branches of dorsal rami spinal nerves (various spinal nerves)
erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) innervation
abdominals
internal oblique, external oblique, transversus abdominus, rectus abdominus
manubrium/clavicle
sternocleidomastoid origin
occipital bone (nuchal line), mastoid process
splenius capitis insertion
compress abdominal contents
transversus abdominus action
medial branches of dorsal rami spinal nerves
transversospinalis (multifidus, rotatores, semispinalis capitis)
transverse process cervical/thoracic
semispinalis capitis origin
5-7 ribs, xiphoid process
rectus abdominus insertion
extend head, ipsilateral head rotation and lateral flexion
splenius capitis action
lateral branches dorsal rami spinal nerves C2-C3
splenius capitis innervation
5-12 ribs
external oblique origin
ribs 1 & 2
scalenes insertion
flex cervical spine, ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
ventral rami and various costal nerves
abdominal innervation
transverse process thoracic
rotatores origin
spinous process 1-2 levels above origin
rotatores insertion
extend spine, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flex
multifidus action
ventral rami lumbar plexus
quadratus lumborum innervation
transverse process cervical vertebrae
scalenes origin
nuchal lines of occiput
semispinalis capitis insertion
extend spine, contralateral thoracic rotation
rotatores action
ribs, iliac crest, sacrum, thoracolumbar fascia (various)
iliocostalis origin
transverse processes, ribs (various)
iliocostalis insertion
ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral pelvic elevation
quadratus lumborum action
transverses process, sacrum, pelvis
multifidus origin
rib 12, transverse process lumbar
quadratus lumborum insertion
flexion, ipsilateral rotation and lateral flex
internal oblique action
spinous process C7-T3, nuchal ligament
splenius capitis origin
occipital bone, spinous process (various)
spinalis insertion
primary extend spine, ipsilateral cervical and thoracic lateral flexion
spinalis action
pubic symphysis
rectus abdominus origin
iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis
external oblique insertion
posterior rotation pelvis, flex lumbar spine
rectus abdominus action
transverse process cervical/thoracic/lumbar, pelvis, sacrum
longissimus origin
spinous process 2-5 levels above origin
multifidus insertion
flexion, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flex
external oblique action
inguinal ligament/iliac crest
internal oblique origin
aponeurosis
transversus abdominus insertion
primary extend spine, ipsilateral lateral flexion and neck rotation
longissimus action