Treatment
What does RICER stand for?
Rest. Ice. Compression. Elevate. Referral
Stop
Ask
Look
Touch
Active
Passive
Skill/standard
What is a sprain? What type of tissue?
Sprain (soft tissues)
Occurs when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of movement, stretching or tearing the ligaments that hold it together.
List 3 causes of sport injuries
1.Substandard , inappropriate or poor facilities (i.e. playing surfaces) and equipment, footwear
2.Deliberate injury caused by an opponent
3.Insufficient training, resulting in lower-than-required fitness levels
4.Fatigue
5.Over-estimating one’s ability level
6.Carelessness by another person
7.Poor or faulty technique or carelessness by the person injured
Direct (external) or Indirect (Internal)
Soft and hard tissue
Overuse
How many hours should you avoid using the area for?
At least 48-72 hours
What should you be looking for at the 'touch' stage of SALTAPS?
Commence gently touching away from injury area and work toward injury, feel for:
· Abnormal lumps / depressions.
· Swelling / thickening.
· Temperature
· Points of tenderness
What is a strain? What tissue?
Strain (soft tissue)
Occurs muscle fibres are stretched or torn.
What is an external cause of injury?
An injury caused by an external or outside force
What is a direct injury? Provide an example
A direct injury is an injury sustained at the site of external force e.g.) hit by a ball, punched by a person, friction from a shoe. Often these are bruises, broken bones, dislocations, abrasions, and blisters.
An example is a bruised leg from a cricket ball or a black eye from being punched during a boxing match.
What will applying ice to the injured site achieve? How long should you apply it?
20 minutes on 20 minutes off
Ice reduces swelling, pain and bleeding
What is passive movement?
Tests usually done by professionals, can gently apply some pressure through the range of movement
What is this injury? Caused by falls, blows or crushing. Bleeding into the deep tissues occurs, causing bruising.
Bruising (soft tissue)
What are the four internal causes of injury?
Faulty technique, fatigue, excessive use of muscle or tendon and insufficient warm up
What is an indirect injury? Provide an example.
An indirect injury is an injury sustained from an internal force e.g.) pulled hamstring, sprained ankle. Internal forces are often generated by muscles, but includes forces transferred from the outside e.g.) fall onto your arm, but injury to your shoulder. Sprains and strains are always classified as indirect injuries as an external force does not cause tears in ligaments or muscles.
What does No H.A.R.M stand for?
H Heat such as sauna, spa, hot water bottle, hot shower, hot liniment rubs etc., increases bleeding
A Alcohol increases swelling
R Running or exercising too soon can make the injury worse
M Massage or the use of heat rubs in the first 48/72 hours increases swelling and bleeding
You are playing roller hockey with your mates. 20 minutes into the game and things begin to heat up, tempers are flaring and all rules are flying out of the window. Just as you’re about to score a goal, one of the people on the other team raises his stick above regulation height and (unintentionally) strikes you on your shin. You collapse in a heap. The bruising begins immediately and your leg is progressively stiffening to the point where you can’t walk on it. Your leg is throbbing and your shin (where the hockey stick has impacted) has risen to the size of a balloon.
During the assessment I followed the SALTAPS procedure and he failed the active movement phase. I found that he was not able to move through a full range of movement. Due to the signs and symptoms described I would assume this is a severe bruise (or haematoma). He should follow the RICER process for soft tissue damage. RICER stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation and Refer. First he should Rest the injury and not use the leg. He should then Ice the shin using a towel to prevent any ice burn (20 mins every 3 hours). He should use a compression bandage to wrap up the shin and try to prevent swelling. He should elevate the leg above the level of the heart again to prevent any unnecessary swelling. I am referring him on to a doctor to rule out any fractures.
What type of injury is this? Occurs when force stretches the ligaments so far that the bones in the joint are pushed out of normal contact with each other.
Dislocation (combination)
What's the difference between a soft and hard tissue injury?
Injuries are classified as soft tissue injuries if they occur to soft tissue in the body. Soft tissue include all muscles, ligaments, tendons, skin, organs etc.
Hard tissue injuries are injuries to the bone or teeth, i.e. injuries of the skeleton. Hard tissue injuries include breaks and dislocations, including lost teeth.
What are the 5 injury prevention methods?
1. Warm up
2. Cool down
3. Correct technique
4. Sports rules
5. Wearing appropriate protective equipment
What type of fractures can you experience?
Fracture (hard tissue)
1.Closed – skin is unbroken
2.Open – a wound leads to the fracture or bone protrudes through the skin
3.Complicated – vital organs may be damaged.
What is an overuse injury?
Overuse injuries are caused by repetitive action and are a separate classification as they are not an acute injury (like direct and indirect are) but a long-term injury, that are developed over time.
Overuse injuries include soft tissue injuries, such as tendonitis (e.g. tennis elbow) and hard tissue injuries, such as stress fractures.