Chpt 18 A
What is the "true" joint of the shoulder called?
glenohumeral joint
What 2 structures of the shoulder are compressed causing shoulder impingement syndrome? (You do not have to give specific names of the structures)
tendons and bursa
Explain the difference in what causes a Colles' fracture vs. a Smith's fracture and what bone is affected.
Smith's: land with wrist in flexion
distal radius
What is the most common direction of an elbow dislocation?
backwards (posterior)
What are 2 treatments for an acute forearm fracture?
cold pack must be applied immediately to the fracture site, the arm splinted and put in a sling, and the athlete referred to a physician.
What direction of clavicle dislocation could potentially be life threatening? (occurring at the sternoclavicular joint)
if clavicle dislocates posteriorly
Name 3 ways to prevent shoulder injuries
A proper warm-up should be performed before dynamic arm movements are attempted.
Athletes should be taught not to catch themselves with an outstretched arm.
Specialized protective equipment such as shoulder pads must be properly fitted to avoid some shoulder injuries in tackle football.
Instruction in proper throwing techniques is critical for injury prevention.
What are the 4 types of movement that occur at the elbow.
flexion
extension
pronation
supination
What ligament does Tommy John surgery repair and to what joint?
medial collateral ligament (ulnar), elbow
Name the bones discussed in these 2 chapters that make up the upper extremity complexes (8)
clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Name 2 signs of a clavicle fracture
Athlete supports the arm on the injured side and tilts his or her head toward that side, with the chin turned to the opposite side.
During inspection, the injured clavicle appear lower than the unaffected side.
Palpation may reveal swelling, point tenderness, and mild deformity.
What direction is most common for a shoulder dislocation?
Anterior
Name 3 ways to care for bursitis of the elbow (both acute and chronic)
•In acute conditions, ice and compression should be applied for 20 minutes.
•Chronic olecranon bursitis requires a program of protective therapy.
•Aspiration may be necessary to accelerate healing in rare cases.
•Site of injury should be well protected by padding while the athlete is engaged in competition.
What MUST be assessed if there is an elbow dislocation?
distal pulses
Medical emergency if no pulse is present
Name 2 of the "rehabilitation" movements/treatments for Tennis Elbow
•Range-of-motion exercises.
•Progressive resistance exercises.
•Deep friction massage.
•Hand grasping while in supination.
•Avoiding pronation movements.
What are 2 treatments for a rotator cuff strain? (not ice)
A comprehensive rehabilitation program
anti-inflammatories
corticosteroid injections
Surgery may be necessary
What is the immediate treatment for a clavicle fracture?
The clavicle fracture is cared for immediately by applying a shoulder immobilizer and by treating the athlete for shock, if necessary.
If X-ray examination reveals a fracture, a closed reduction should be attempted by the physician, followed by immobilization for 6 to 8 weeks with a clavicle strap.
What are the 3 initial treatments for a sprained elbow?
•Immediate care includes cold and a pressure bandage for at least 24 hours, with sling support fixed at 90 degrees of flexion.
•Progressively aid the elbow in regaining a full range of motion.
•Limiting and gradually progressing the number of throws until full mobility and strength have returned.
May require surgery
This ligament provides stability with a varus force to the elbow
radial (lateral) collateral ligament
In what fingers does a person experience paresthesia when experiencing an ulnar nerve injury?
4th and 5th
Name 2 causes of a humerus fracture, in sports, and explain how long an athlete will have to be out of competition (range) following this type of fracture.
Fractures of the humerus happen occasionally in sports, usually as the result of a direct blow, a dislocation, or the impact of falling onto the outstretched arm.
out of competition for 2 to 6 months
What are 2 signs of a shoulder dislocation (not swelling or point tenderness)
•A flattened deltoid contour
•The affected arm is carried in slight abduction and external rotation by the athlete
they are unable to touch the opposite shoulder with the hand of the affected arm.
How long should an elbow be splinted following a dislocation and in what position.
3 weeks
flexed position
Name 2 of the 3 movements/factors that contribute to the cause of Tennis Elbow? (Lateral Epicondylitis)
Repetitive forceful gripping
extension of the wrist
forearm supination.
What is the cause of Mallet finger, what position is the finger in, and what is the athlete unable to do with the finger?
A blow or jam to the tip of a finger
unable to extend tip of finger (typically held in 30 degrees of flexion)